Nero was seventeen years of age when he was thus called to govern the
civilized world. Wearied by the atrocities of his predecessors, the
people could not but welcome the fair-faced youth in whose antecedents
there was not much to excite serious apprehension. His busts represent
him as having at this time a round face, a not displeasing countenance,
and a slight beard. His hair is said to have been yellowish, or sandy.
His figure was not well proportioned,--his neck being thick, his body
large and his legs slender. His eyes were dark gray and their sight was
somewhat impaired. He was careless in his dress, yet fond of finery.
He particularly took care of his locks, arranging them in a manner
somewhat effeminate. He sometimes greatly offended fastidious taste by
going with his feet bare, with his girdle loose, and wearing (even in
public) a sort of dressing-gown. He entered upon his imperial career
with a good degree of physical health and strength.
From his very accession Nero felt uneasy on account of the jealousy of
Britannicus. He knew that the sense of right would assert itself in the
breasts of many in behalf of Britannicus and might become dangerous to
his reign. He therefore proceeded with caution. He pronounced a funeral
oration over Claudius, which Seneca is believed to have composed for
him. In it he made many conciliatory promises. There were not any
of the nobles who had courage to call in question his claims. They
cared not to risk their heads simply for the sake of a mere righteous
succession. They preferred to tolerate him as long as he treated them
with respect. They held the weakness of his title to the throne as a
weapon to be used against him if he should offend them.
Meanwhile Seneca and Burrus, the young emperor’s principal advisers,
did all they could to make his government a good one and so establish
its authority. Their chief difficulties were to control his headstrong
nature and to prevent his mother from exercising too much influence
over him. She, who had supplanted Messalina and had murdered Claudius,
was not going to let her power go, if she could help it. She leagued
herself with Pallas, the wealthy and unprincipled freedman at court,
and it soon became evident that she was making trouble.
Her son, too, at first was too ready to give her honors. She was borne
in public in the same litter with him. She caused coins to be stamped
having her head with his upon them. She sent dispatches to foreign
courts and gave answers to ambassadors. She even ordered the murder
of Silanus, the proconsul of Asia, who was obnoxious to her. Burrus
and Seneca were alarmed at her bold assumptions of authority. They
determined to break down her power at any cost. To draw away Nero
from confiding too much in her they even favored his intrigue with a
freedwoman named Acte, which greatly enraged Agrippina. And this rage
was increased when Nero removed Pallas from his position of influence
and dismissed him from court.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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