IV. FIRST TURKISH MISSION 70 V. HARRISON, CLEVELAND, AND MCKINLEY 105 VI. MY SECOND MISSION TO TURKEY 130 VII. THEODORE ROOSEVELT 163 VIII. INDUSTRIAL DIPLOMACY 194 IX. IN THE CABINET 207 X. THE TAFT CAMPAIGN OF 1908 248 XI. MY THIRD MISSION TO TURKEY 271 XII. THE PROGRESSIVES 307 XIII. THREATENING CLOUDS OF WAR 327 XIV. PERSONAL VIGNETTES 343 XV. THE WORLD WAR 370 XVI. PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE 396 INDEX 431 ILLUSTRATIONS OSCAR S. STRAUS _Frontispiece_ Photograph by the Campbell Studios, New York MOTHER AND FATHER OF OSCAR S. STRAUS 2 BIRTHPLACE OF OSCAR S. STRAUS, OTTERBERG, RHENISH BAVARIA 8 CHAPEL AND SCHOOLHOUSE, COLLINSWORTH INSTITUTE, TALBOTTON, GEORGIA 8 OSCAR S. STRAUS AT SIX 12 OSCAR S. STRAUS AT THE TIME OF HIS GRADUATION 28 LETTER OF HENRY WARD BEECHER TO PRESIDENT CLEVELAND 46 MRS. STRAUS IN TURKEY 62 TESTIMONIAL GIVEN TO MR. STRAUS IN JERUSALEM IN APPRECIATION OF THE RELEASE OF SEVERAL HUNDRED PRISONERS 84 OSCAR S. STRAUS, CONSTANTINOPLE, 1888 96 PRESIDENT MCKINLEY SENDING THE AUTHOR TO TURKEY ON HIS SECOND MISSION, 1898 124 MEMBERS OF THE RAILWAY BOARD OF ADMINISTRATION 200 THE ROOSEVELT CABINET 216 MRS. OSCAR S. STRAUS 246 NATHAN, OSCAR, AND ISIDOR STRAUS 312 Photograph by Pirie MacDonald, New York, 1912 ROGER W. STRAUS 392 Under Four Administrations CHAPTER I ANCESTRY AND EARLY YEARS