Unto This Last, and Other Essays on Political EconomyRuskin, John
General
Unto This Last, and Other Essays on Political Economy
Ruskin, John
Art; Economics
[107] Thetic, or Thesmic, would perhaps be a better term than
Archic; but liable to be confused with some which we shall
want relating to Theoria. The administrators of the three
great divisions of law are severally Archons, Merists, and
Dicasts. The Archons are the true princes, or beginners of
things; or leaders (as of an orchestra); the Merists are
properly the Domini, or Lords (law-words) of houses and
nations; the Dicasts properly the judges, and that with
Olympian justice, which reaches to heaven and hell. The
violation of archic law is [Greek: hamartia] (error)
[Greek: poneria] (failure), [Greek: plemmeleia] (discord).
The violation of meristic law is [Greek: anomia] (iniquity).
The violation of critic law is [Greek: adikia] (injury).
Iniquity is central generic term; for all law is _fatal_; it
is the division to men of their fate; as the fold of their
pasture, it is [Greek: nomos]; as the assigning of their
portion, [Greek: moira].
If we choose to class the laws of precept and distribution under the
general head of "statutes," all law is simply either of statute or
judgment; that is, first, the establishment of ordinance, and,
secondly, the assignment of the reward or penalty due to its
observance or violation.
To some extent these two forms of law must be associated, and, with
every ordinance, the penalty of disobedience to it be also determined.
But since the degrees and guilt of disobedience vary, the
determination of due reward and punishment must be modified by
discernment of special fact, which is peculiarly the office of the
judge, as distinguished from that of the lawgiver and lawsustainer, or
king; not but that the two offices are always theoretically and, in
early stages, or limited numbers, of society, are often practically,
united in the same person or persons.
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