Founding of the city of Montevideo--Its first inhabitants--Inducement offered to colonists--The early days of the town--Successful rising of the Indians in the neighbourhood--Victory of the natives--Montevideo saved by Jesuit intervention--The Portuguese invade the northern provinces--The first Governor of Montevideo-- Treaties and territorial cessions--Dissatisfaction of Jesuit Indians--Their defeat by combined Spanish and Portuguese forces--Vicissitudes of Colonia--The danger of hostile residents--A concentration camp of the old days--Expulsion of the Jesuits--Some incidents of the wars with the Portuguese--The foundation of urban centres--The English occupy themselves with the whaling industry on the coast--Discouragement of the enterprise by the King of Spain--A corps of "Blandengues" is created--The British invasion--Political effects of the occupation--The War of Independence--Montevideo as the seat of the Spanish viceroyalty--Commencement of the agitation for freedom in Uruguay. CHAPTER IV HISTORY (_continued_) 57 The advent of Artigas--First revolutionary movements in Uruguay--The appointment of leaders--First successes of the Uruguayans--The germs of future jealousies--Montevideo besieged by the patriot forces--An incident of the investment--Spain appeals to Portugal for assistance-- nvasion of Uruguay by the latter--The Buenos Aires Government concludes a treaty with the Spanish Viceroy-- Raising of the siege of Montevideo--Position of Uruguay-- Discontent of the Orientales--The exodus of the nation-- Incidents of emigration to the Argentine shore--Montevideo in Spanish hands--The country overrun by Portuguese--Buenos Aires effects a treaty with the latter--Resumption of the campaign against the Spaniards--Dispute between the Argentine and Uruguayan leaders--Montevideo again besieged-- Some battle incidents--Artigas reappears on the scene-- Drastic measures towards an ally--A national Congress convened--Oriental deputies rebuffed by Buenos Aires-- Artigas withdraws from the siege of Montevideo--Price set upon his head--War declared between Uruguay and Buenos Aires--The Argentine littoral provinces adhere to Artigas-- Fall of Montevideo. CHAPTER V HISTORY (_continued_) 69