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Useful Knowledge: Volume 2. Vegetables: Or, a familiar account of the various productions of nature — John Shaqi

Useful Knowledge: Volume 2. Vegetables: Or, a familiar account of the various productions of natureBingley, William

History

Useful Knowledge: Volume 2. Vegetables: Or, a familiar account of the various productions of nature

Name: Useful Knowledge: Volume 2. Vegetables: Or, a familiar account of the various productions of nature
Author: Bingley, William

Bingley, William

Commercial products; Natural history; Plants, Cultivated

{                  {Stamens upon the pistil             20. Gynandria.
  {
  {Separation of     {On the same plant                   21. Monoecia.
  { Pistils          {On two plants                       22. Dioecia.
  {                  {With flowers of both sexes          23. Polygamia.
  {
  {Not being discernible                                  24. Cryptogamia.

13. The characters of the ORDERS are most commonly taken from the number of
the pistils; but sometimes from circumstances relative to the stamens,
pistils, or seed. Those of the _first thirteen classes_ are taken from the
number of pistils, thus:

  Monogynia               1 pistil.
  Digynia                 2 pistils.
  Trigynia                3 pistils.
  Tetragynia              4 pistils.
  Pentagynia              5 pistils.
  Hexagynia               6 pistils.
  Heptagynia              7 pistils.
  Octagynia               8 pistils.
  Enneagynia              9 pistils.
  Decagynia              10 pistils.
  Dodecagynia      about 12 pistils.
  Polygynia            many pistils.

The orders of the fourteenth class, _Didynamia_, are taken from the
situation of the seeds; and are

  Gymnospermia         naked seeds.
  Angiospermia         seeds in a capsule.

The orders of the fifteenth class, _Tetradynamia_, are formed from a
difference in the shape of the seed-vessel:

  Siliculosa           a broad pod.
  Siliquosa            a long pod.

In the classes _Monadelphia_, _Diadelphia_, _Polyadelphia_, and
_Gynandria_, the orders are taken from the number of stamens:

  Pentandria           5 stamens.
  Hexandria, &c.       6 stamens, &c.

In the nineteenth class, _Syngenesia_, the orders are taken from the
structure of the flower:

  Polygamia æqualis,--all the florets alike.

  Polygamia superflua,--the florets of the centre perfect or united; those
  of the margin with pistils only, but all producing perfect seeds.

  Polygamia frustranea,--the florets of the centre perfect or united; those
  of the margin, in general, without either stamens or pistils.

  Polygamia necessaria,--the florets of the centre with stamens only; those
  of the margin with pistils only.

The classes _Monoecia_ and _Dicoecia_ take their orders from the number and
other peculiarities of the stamens:

  Monandria          1 stamen.
  Diandria, &c.      2 stamens, &c.
  Polyandria         7 stamens.
  Monadelphia        stamens united into one set.
  Polyadelphia       stamens united into several sets.
  Gynandria          stamens upon the pistil.

In the class _Polygamia_ there are three orders:

  Monoecia.    Dioecia.    Trioecia.

The twenty-fourth class, _Cryptogamia_, has five orders:

  1. Ferns.
  2. Mosses.
  3. Liverworts.
  4. Flags.
  5. Mushrooms.

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Useful Knowledge: Volume 2. Vegetables: Or, a familiar account of the various productions of nature

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