Val d'Arno: Ten Lectures on the Tuscan Art Directly Antecedent to the Florentine Year of Victories; Given Before the University of Oxford in Michaelmas Term, 1873Ruskin, John
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Val d'Arno: Ten Lectures on the Tuscan Art Directly Antecedent to the Florentine Year of Victories; Given Before the University of Oxford in Michaelmas Term, 1873
Ruskin, John
Art -- Italy -- Tuscany
229. Now in this broad definition of Pietas, as reverence to sentimental
law, you will find I am supported by all classical authority and use of
this word. For the particular meaning of which I am next about to use
the word Religion, there is no such general authority, nor can there be,
for any limited or accurate meaning of it. The best authors use the
word in various senses; and you must interpret each writer by his
own context. I have myself continually used the term vaguely. I shall
endeavour, henceforward, to use it under limitations which, willing
always to accept, I shall only transgress by carelessness, or compliance
with some particular use of the word by others. The power in the word,
then, which I wish you now to notice, is in its employment with respect
to doctrinal divisions. You do not say that one man is of one piety,
and another of another; but you do, that one man is of one religion, and
another of another.
230. The religion of any man is thus properly to be interpreted, as the
feeling which binds him, irrationally, to the fulfilment of duties, or
acceptance of beliefs, peculiar to a certain company of which he forms
a member, as distinct from the rest of the world. 'Which binds him
_irrationally_,' I say;--by a feeling, at all events, apart from reason,
and often superior to it; such as that which brings back the bee to its
hive, and the bird to her nest.
A man's religion is the form of mental rest, or dwelling-place, which,
partly, his fathers have gained or built for him, and partly, by due
reverence to former custom, he has built for himself; consisting of
whatever imperfect knowledge may have been granted, up to that time, in
the land of his birth, of the Divine character, presence, and dealings;
modified by the circumstances of surrounding life.
It may be, that sudden accession of new knowledge may compel him to cast
his former idols to the moles and to the bats. But it must be some very
miraculous interposition indeed which can justify him in quitting
the religion of his forefathers; and, assuredly, it must be an unwise
interposition which provokes him to insult it.
231. On the other hand, the value of religious ceremonial, and the
virtue of religious truth, consist in the meek fulfilment of the one as
the fond habit of a family; and the meek acceptance of the other, as
the narrow knowledge of a child. And both are destroyed at once, and the
ceremonial or doctrinal prejudice becomes only an occasion of sin, if
they make us either wise in our own conceit, or violent in our methods
of proselytism. Of those who will compass sea and land to make one
proselyte, it is too generally true that they are themselves the
children of hell, and make their proselytes twofold more so.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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