Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
All specimens are in the University of Kansas Museum of Natural History.
The catalogue number of each specimen, and the legs of it that were
dissected, are listed below.
T.p. 1L,R KU38520 T.c.p. 4L KU38518
T.p. 2L,R KU38521 T.c.a. 1L,R KU36617
T.p. 3L,R KU38522 T.c.a. 2L KU36618
T.p. 4L KU38523 P.p. 1L,R KU38526
T.p. 5R KU38524 P.p. 2L KU38527
T.c.p. 1L,R KU38515 P.p. 3L,R KU38528
T.c.p. 2L,R KU38516 P.p. 4L KU38529
T.c.p. 3L KU38517
The specimens were injected in the field either with formalin (10%) or
embalming fluid, except for those of _T. c. attwateri_, which were
frozen; the latter were later injected with embalming fluid. Injection
in all the birds was by hypodermic syringe into all major muscle masses,
into the body cavities, and subcutaneously in the neck, wings, and feet.
In those specimens injected with embalming fluid, the body cavities were
injected with formalin. The embalming fluid consisted of 70 per cent
alcohol, glycerin (or propylene glycol), and formalin (full strength) in
the approximate ratio of 78:20:2, respectively. This fluid gave good
preservation; these specimens had the advantages of lacking almost
entirely the irritating odor of formalin and of having pliable tissues.
The skin of those specimens originally injected with formalin was slit
in several places and they were transferred to crocks containing
embalming fluid (without the formalin). After a period of many weeks,
with two changes of fluid, most of the formalin odor was eliminated and
the muscles were sufficiently pliable to be easily dissected. All
specimens were kept in containers filled with embalming fluid. No mold
ever appeared, even though no phenol or other chemical was added.
To facilitate comparison, two or three specimens were frequently
dissected simultaneously. The nerves and smaller muscles were dissected
with the aid of a stereoscopic microscope mounted on a long movable arm.
In order satisfactorily to expose the lumbosacral plexus the posterior
half of the sternum and pectoral muscles, as well as the abdominal
viscera, were removed.
To insure more nearly accurate proportions, drawings of the pelvis and
of some of the muscles were made with the aid of photographs of the
several specimens listed above.
TERMINOLOGY
_Skeleton_
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