Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes) — John Shaqi
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In T.p. 3L,R (fig. 11B), an extra branch arises
from the tibial nerve as a separate (fourth) division; it enters the
medial head of M. flexor perforatus digiti IV and also gives off a twig
that anastomoses with the posterior division (left leg) or with the
first branch of the posterior division (right leg). In T.p. 3R (fig.
11B), a large extra branch arises from the proximal part of the medial
division and passes medial and then deep to the medial head of M. flexor
perforatus digiti III, perforates the tendinous part of the medial head
of M. flexor perforatus digiti II, and joins the posterior division
(lateral to the medial head of M. flexor perforatus digiti III). A
similar branch is found in T.p. 3L except that it arises from the
proximal part of the posterior (rather than the medial) division. In
T.p. 3R (fig. 11B), the branch to M. gastrocnemius pars externa arises
so far proximally that it appears as a separate (fifth) division of the
tibial nerve. In two legs, the branch of the medial division that
supplies M. gastrocnemius pars media sends a twig into the distal end of
M. femorocruralis (fig. 11A).
_T. cupido_
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In one leg, an extra branch of the medial
division arises immediately distal to the branch to M. gastrocnemius
pars media and enters the proximal end of the medial head of M. flexor
perforatus digiti III. In one instance, the branch to M. gastrocnemius
pars interna passes through a gap in the origin of M. plantaris rather
than distal to the origin of the latter.
_P. p. jamesi_
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--The branch to M. gastrocnemius pars interna gives
a minute twig to the deep surface of the free belly of M. plantaris in
one leg.
[Illustration: FIG. 2. Ventral views of the lumbosacral plexus of
_Tympanuchus pallidicinctus_. Sympathetic ganglionated chain removed.
Numbers indicate synsacral spinal nerves. × 2. A. T.p. 1L. B. T.p. 2L.]
[Illustration: FIG. 3. Ventral views of the lumbosacral plexus.
Sympathetic ganglionated chain removed. Numbers indicate synsacral
spinal nerves. × 2. A. _Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus_ 3L. B. _Pedioecetes
phasianellus jamesi_ 4L.]
[Illustration: FIG. 4. Semidiagrammatic ventral views of the femoral
nerve, showing the distribution of the branches. × 3. 1,2, M. extensor
iliotibialis anticus; 3, cutaneous; 4-6, M. extensor iliotibialis
lateralis; 7,8, M. iliacus; 9, M. gluteus profundus; 10-12, fused Mm.
vastus lateralis and vastus medialis; 13,14, M. vastus medialis; 15, M.
ambiens; 16, M. femoritibialis internus; 17, nonmuscular; 18, M. psoas;
19, M. iliotrochantericus medius. A. _Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus_ 3L.
B. _Pedioecetes phasianellus jamesi_ 3L.]
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