Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In three legs the nerve supplying M. extensor
iliotibialis anticus gives twigs into M. extensor iliotibialis
lateralis. In another leg one of the branches to the fused Mm. vastus
lateralis and vastus medialis sends a twig into M. extensor iliotibialis
lateralis.
[Illustration: FIG. 17. _Tympanuchus pallidicinctus_ 2L. Lateral view of
the muscles of the left leg. The following muscles, in addition to those
listed for Fig. 16, have been removed: vastus lateralis pars postica,
gluteus profundus, flexor cruris medialis (in part), caudofemoralis,
flexor perforatus digiti IV, and tibialis anticus. × 1.]
_P. p. jamesi_
[Illustration: FIG. 18. _Tympanuchus pallidicinctus_ 2L. Lateral view of
the muscles of the left leg. The following muscles, in addition to those
listed for Fig. 17, have been removed: patellar tendon, iliacus,
iliotrochantericus medius, flexor cruris lateralis, flexor cruris
medialis, flexor ischiofemoralis, adductor superficialis,
femorocruralis, gastrocnemius pars media, flexor perforatus digiti III,
flexor perforatus digiti II, flexor hallucis longus, plantaris, flexor
digitorum longus, popliteus, and extensor digitorum longus. × 1.]
DIFFERENCES FROM TYPICAL _T. pallidicinctus_.--The posteroproximal
aponeurosis is more extensive, resulting in a narrower proximal fleshy
end (fig. 20G); the fleshy fibers adjacent to this aponeurosis are not
overlapped by M. flexor cruris lateralis. There is a fusion of fibers
between the anterodistal fleshy part of M. extensor iliotibialis
lateralis and the underlying M. vastus medialis, but there is no fusion
of fibers between the anterior edge of M. extensor iliotibialis
lateralis and M. extensor iliotibialis anticus. The connective tissue
binding the posteroproximal corner to adjacent muscles is stronger. The
fleshy part of the origin is narrower, partly tendinous, and much
thinner (reflected in a thin lateral iliac process). The proximal border
is much more nearly straight, owing to a less pronounced lateral iliac
process. The distal accessory aponeurosis is absent.
[Illustration: FIG. 19. _Tympanuchus pallidicinctus_ 2L. A. Posterior
view of the muscles of the left shank. The following shank muscles, in
addition to those listed for Fig. 17, have been removed: gastrocnemius
pars media, flexor perforatus digiti III, and flexor perforatus digiti
II. × 1. B. Posterior view of the proximal end of the shank, showing the
most deeply situated muscle. × 1. C. Lateral view of the head of the
left femur and the middle part of the pelvis, showing the deepest part
of M. obturator. × 1. D. Medial view of the posteroventral part of the
left side of the pelvis, showing the intrapelvic part of M. obturator. ×
1. E. Anterior view of the left tarsometatarsus, showing the dorsal
intrinsic muscles of the foot. × 1-1/2. F. Posterior view of the left
tarsometatarsus, showing the ventral intrinsic muscles of the foot. ×
1-1/2.]
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