Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes) — John Shaqi
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
E. Medial view of distal end of M. flexor cruris medialis of _P. p.
jamesi_ 4L. × 1. Part of insertion is covered by medial collateral
ligament.
F,G. Lateral views of posteroproximal corner of M. extensor iliotibialis
lateralis (removed from specimen). × 1. F. _T. pallidicinctus_ 2L. G.
_P. p. jamesi_ 3L.
H,I. Dorsolateral views of M. piriformis. × 1. H. _P. p. jamesi_ 1L. I.
_T. cupido attwateri_ 1L.
J. Lateral view of M. caudofemoralis pars caudifemoralis (removed from
specimen) of _T. c. pinnatus_ 4L. × 1.
K. Lateral view of extrapelvic part of M. obturator of _T.
pallidicinctus_ 3L (bones not shown). × 2.
L,M. Region surrounding obturator foramen of _T. pallidicinctus_ 3L,
showing points of attachment of three parts of M. obturator (muscles
removed). × 3. L. Lateral view. M. Medial view.
N. Anterior view of left tarsometatarsus of _P. p. jamesi_ 4L, showing
dorsal intrinsic muscles of foot. × 1-1/2. Tendon of M. extensor
digitorum longus has been removed.
=_M. Ambiens_=, Figs. 13, 16, 17
_T. pallidicinctus_
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND RELATIONS.--Thin and elongate; on medial surface
of thigh; broadest above middle of belly; belly narrowed distally,
forming long slender tendon passing lateral to distal part of M.
extensor iliotibialis anticus; bounded anterolaterally by M. vastus
medialis and posterolaterally by Mm. femoritibialis internus and psoas
(proximally).
ORIGIN.--The muscle arises by a short flat tendon from the pectineal
process.
INSERTION.--The long slender tendon enters an elongate channel within
the patellar tendon; the point of entrance is at the proximal end of the
latter tendon just medial to the patella; the tendon passes
distolaterally (within the channel) below the patella and emerges from
the distolateral edge of the patellar tendon and then extends distally
along the anterolateral surface of the head of the fibula, superficial
to the fibular arm of the guide loop for M. extensor iliofibularis, and
joins the anterolateral surface of the common tendon of origin of the
anterolateral heads of Mm. flexor perforatus digiti III, flexor
perforatus digiti IV, and flexor perforatus digiti II; the point of
junction is usually immediately proximal to the proximal end of the
lateral head of M. flexor digitorum longus.
INNERVATION.--The branch of the middle division of the femoral nerve
that supplies M. femoritibialis internus gives off a tiny twig or twigs
that penetrate the lateral surface of the proximal part of M. ambiens.
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--None of significance in _T. pallidicinctus_ or in
_P. p. jamesi_; in _T. cupido_ the origin is partly fleshy in one leg.
=_M. Vastus Lateralis_= (M. femoritibialis externus + part of M.
femoritibialis medius), Figs. 14, 16
Fisher and Goodman (1955) apply the name femoritibialis externus to the
muscle unit that I here term the pars postica of M. vastus lateralis.
The reasons for this change are discussed in the section on terminology.
_T. pallidicinctus_
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