Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
The tendinous guide loop has three arms--proximal femoral, distal
femoral, and fibular; the proximal and distal femoral arms unite
posterior to the tendon of M. extensor iliofibularis; the proximal arm
is medial to, and the distal arm is lateral to, the latter; the fibular
arm joins the distal edge of the distal arm lateral to the tendon of M.
extensor iliofibularis. The proximal arm extends anteroproximally
lateral to the medial head of M. flexor perforatus digiti IV and medial
to M. vastus lateralis pars postica, attaching to a narrow line on the
anterolateral surface of the femur a short distance proximal to the
external condyle and adjacent (posterior) to the origin of M. vastus
lateralis pars postica. The distal arm extends anteriorly medial to the
posterior head of M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti II and medial
to M. vastus lateralis pars postica, attaching in common with the tendon
of origin of M. gastrocnemius pars externa to a small oval area on the
posterolateral surface of the femur a short distance proximal to the
fibular groove; the arm is also fused to the underlying articular
capsule. The fibular arm (broadest of the three) passes deep to, and
fused with, the common tendon of origin of the lateral heads of Mm.
flexor perforatus digiti IV and flexor perforatus digiti II, superficial
to the common tendon of origin of the anterolateral heads of Mm. flexor
perforatus digiti IV, flexor perforatus digiti II, and flexor perforatus
digiti III, and deep to the tendon of M. ambiens, attaching broadly to a
narrow line on the anterolateral surface of the proximal part of the
fibula; the arm is also fused to the underlying articular capsule.
INNERVATION.--A branch of the middle peroneal division of the sciatic
nerve sends twigs to the deep surface of the anteroproximal part; the
dorsal peroneal division of the sciatic nerve penetrates the deep
surface of the proximal end.
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In some instances a variable number of twigs
arises from the peroneal nerve near the middle of the thigh and enters
the deep surface of the muscle. They are difficult to expose without
breaking and may have been overlooked in some specimens.
_T. cupido_
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--The same variation is found as in _T.
pallidicinctus_ (see above). In one leg, the tendon of insertion
bifurcates into proximal and distal arms before attaching.
_P. p. jamesi_
DIFFERENCES FROM TYPICAL _T. pallidicinctus_.--It arises from the
ventral rather than the ventromedial surface of the lateral iliac
process (there is no ventromedial surface to this process).
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In nearly all of the legs, minute twigs to M.
extensor iliofibularis come off the peroneal nerve near the middle of
the thigh. The insertional tendon tends toward doubleness in two legs.
=_M. Piriformis_= (M. gluteus medius et minimus), Figs. 16, 20H, I
_T. pallidicinctus_
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