Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
DIFFERENCES FROM TYPICAL _T. pallidicinctus_.--The proximal end of pars
interna does not reach the patella.
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In one leg, an additional twig to pars media
arises from the distal branch to M. femorocruralis.
=_M. Flexor Perforans et Perforatus Digiti II_=, Figs. 12, 14
_T. pallidicinctus_
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND RELATIONS.--Long, slender, and Y-shaped; on
lateral surface of shank; the two heads enclosing M. flexor perforans et
perforatus digiti III; _posterior head_ bounded posteriorly by M.
gastrocnemius pars externa; extreme proximal end deep to M. vastus
lateralis pars postica; anterior surface fused to posterior surface of
M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti III; deep surface fused to
tendinous part of lateral head of M. flexor perforatus digiti IV;
_anterior head_ tendinous except for extreme distal end; covered by, and
fused to, posterior edge of M. peroneus longus; fused to anterior
surface of M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti III; two heads join
above middle of shank; anteroproximal and posterodistal parts of common
belly usually tendinous.
ORIGIN.--_Anterior head_: This arises by a narrow tendon (partly
ossified) from the distal tip of the outer cnemial crest. The tendon is
so intimately fused with a connective tissue sheet fused to the deep and
posterior surfaces of M. peroneus longus and to the anterior surface of
M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti III that M. flexor perforans et
perforatus digiti II could be considered to arise from these two
muscles. _Posterior head_: This arises mostly fleshily from the lateral
surface of a compound sheet of tough connective tissue formed by the
fusion of the tendinous posteroproximal corner of M. flexor perforans et
perforatus digiti III, the proximal parts of the tendons of origin of
the lateral heads of Mm. flexor perforatus digiti IV and flexor
perforatus digiti II, the fibular and distal arms of the guide loop for
M. extensor iliofibularis, and the lateral part of the articular
capsule; a part of the common tendon of origin of the anterolateral
heads of Mm. flexor perforatus digiti III, flexor perforatus digiti IV,
and flexor perforatus digiti II also contributes to this sheet, which
attaches to the lateral surface of the external condyle of the femur and
to the anterolateral surface of the head of the fibula; for convenience
in description, this complex connective tissue sheet will hereafter be
termed the _femorofibular fascia_. The anteroproximal corner of the
posterior head of M. flexor perforans et perforatus digiti II often
attaches to the lateral surface of the vinculum that passes from the
femorofibular fascia to the deep surface of the patellar tendon; the
extreme proximal end usually attaches fleshily to a small area on the
femur immediately proximal to the fibular condyle and adjacent (distal)
to the attachment of the distal arm of the guide loop for M. extensor
iliofibularis.
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