Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)Holmes, E. Bruce
Science
Variation in the Muscles and Nerves of the Leg in Two Genera of Grouse (Tympanuchus and Pedioecetes)
Holmes, E. Bruce
Leg -- Innervation; Leg -- Muscles; Sharp-tailed grouse; Tympanuchus
INSERTION.--The long slender tendon enters the anterior aperture of the
distal foramen, passes through the intertrochlear canal, emerges from
the terminal foramen, and attaches to the medial surface of the proximal
end of the first phalanx of digit IV.
INNERVATION.--The superficial peroneal branch of the peroneal nerve
sends a twig into the proximal part of the muscle.
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--None of significance in any of the three species
studied.
=_M. Lumbricalis_=, Fig. 19F
_T. pallidicinctus_
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND RELATIONS.--Small, thin, and strap-shaped; on
mid-posterior surface of distal end of tarsometatarsus deep to tendon of
M. flexor digitorum longus; belly partly fleshy and partly elastic
connective tissue.
ORIGIN.--The muscle arises from the deep (anterior) surface of the
tendon of M. flexor digitorum longus a short distance proximal to the
trifurcation of the latter.
INSERTION.--The muscle attaches to the proximal end of the subarticular
cartilage ventral to the trochlea for digit III.
INNERVATION.--A long but extremely small twig arises from the
paraperoneal branch of the tibial nerve a short distance distal to the
hypotarsus and extends distally along the mid-posterior surface of the
tarsometatarsus (parallel to a larger nonmuscular branch) and enters the
deep surface distal to the middle. It was possible to follow this twig
in only two legs; it was presumably destroyed in the course of
dissection in the others.
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In some cases, the "muscle" appears grossly to be
entirely connective tissue, although a distinct entity.
_T. cupido_
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--In some cases, the "muscle" appears grossly to be
entirely connective tissue. The innervation was found in only one leg,
in which the twig arises more distally than in _T. pallidicinctus_.
_P. p. jamesi_
The innervation was not found.
=_M. Abductor Digiti IV_=, Fig. 19F
_T. pallidicinctus_
GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND RELATIONS.--Slender and elongate; on posterior
surface of tarsometatarsus lateral to midline; in contact with M. flexor
hallucis brevis in midline.
ORIGIN.--The origin is fleshy from the posterior surface of the
tarsometatarsus lateral to the midline beginning near the proximal end
(lateral to the hypotarsus) and ending at the level of the first
metatarsal.
INSERTION.--The slender tendon, which begins along the lateral edge of
the distal part of the belly, passes through a retinaculum on the
posterolateral surface of the tarsometatarsus immediately above the
outer trochlea and attaches to the lateral surface of the proximal end
of the first phalanx of digit IV.
INNERVATION.--The paraperoneal branch of the tibial nerve gives one or
two twigs to the proximal part of the muscle.
INDIVIDUAL VARIATION.--None of significance in any of the three species
studied.
=_M. Flexor Hallucis Brevis_=, Fig. 19F
_T. pallidicinctus_
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