PART III.--ALTERATIONS OF POSITION 83 CHAPTER I. DISPLACEMENT 84 Displacement of bulbs, 84--Of inflorescence, 85--Of leaves, 87--Of parts of flowers, 91--Of carpels, 96--Of placentas and ovules, 96. CHAPTER II. PROLIFICATION 100 Prolification of the inflorescence, 102--Median foliar, 103--Median floral, 105--Lateral foliar, 106--Lateral floral, 107--Prolification of the flower, 115--Median foliar, 116--Median floral, 119--Axillary prolification, 138--Foliar, 141--Floral, 142--Complicated prolification, 151--Of embryo, 155. CHAPTER III. HETEROTAXY 156 Formation of adventitious roots, 156--Of shoots below the cotyledons, 161--Adventitious leaves, 162--On scapes, 163--Production of leaves or scales in place of flower-buds, 164--Viviparous plants, 168--Formation of buds on leaves, 170--In pith, 171--On bulbs, 172--Production of gemmae in place of spores, 173--Of flowers on leaves, 174--Of flower-buds in place of leaf-buds, 176--Of flowers on spines, 177--Of flower-buds on petals, 177--On fruits, 178--In ovaries, 180--Of stamens in ovaries, 182--Of pollen in ovules, 185--Homomorphic flowers of Compositae, 188--Heterotaxy affecting the inflorescence, 188--Supra-soriferous ferns, 190. CHAPTER IV. HETEROGAMY 190 Change in the position of male and female flowers, 191--From monoecious to dioecious condition, 193--From dioecious to monoecious, 193--From hermaphroditism to unisexuality, 195--From unisexuality to hermaphroditism, 197--Pollen replaced by ovules, 201. CHAPTER V. ALTERATIONS IN THE DIRECTION OF ORGANS 201 Fastigiation, 202--Eversion, 204--Altered direction of leaves, 205--Altered direction of flower, 206--Reflexion, 209--Gymnaxony, 211. BOOK II. DEVIATIONS FROM ORDINARY FORM 213 PART I.--STASIMORPHY 216 CHAPTER I. PERSISTENCE OF JUVENILE FORMS 217 Stasimorphy in leaves of Conifers, 217--Regular peloria, 219. PART II.--PLEIOMORPHY 228 CHAPTER I. IRREGULAR PELORIA 228 PART III.--METAMORPHY 240 CHAPTER I. PHYLLODY 241 Phyllody of bracts, 242--In inflorescence of Conifers, 245--Of calyx, 245--Of corolla, 251--Of stamens, 253--Of pistils, 256--Of ovules, 262--Changes in nucleus of ovule, 269--Phyllody of accessory organs, 272--Chloranthy, 273--General remarks on, 278. CHAPTER II. METAMORPHY OF FLORAL ORGANS 281