=Pistillody of the perianth.=--The passage of the segments of the perianth into carpels has been observed frequently in _Tulipa Gesneriana_, the change in question being generally attended by a partial virescence. M. Gay is said by Moquin to have observed a flower of _Crocus nudiflorus_ in which the segments of the perianth were cleft and fringed at the same time, so that they presented the appearance of the stigmas. [Illustration: FIG. 160.--Flower of tulip, allowing vertical attachment of a leaf, and also the existence of ovules on the margins of the segments of the perianth. Some of the parts are removed.] =Pistillody of the sepals.=--In some double flowers of the garden pea communicated by Mr. Laxton, among other peculiarities was a supernumerary 5-6-leaved calyx, some of the segments of which were of a carpellary nature, and bore imperfect ovules on their margins, while at their extremities they were drawn out into styles.[335] =Pistillody of the stamens.=--This change whereby the stamens assume more or less the appearance of pistils is more commonly met with than is the metamorphosis of the envelopes of the flower into carpels. In some cases the whole of the stamen appears to be changed, while in others it is the filament alone that is altered, the anther being deficient, or rudimentary; while, in a third class of cases, the filament is unaffected, and the anther undergoes the change in question. In those instances in which the filament appears to be the portion most implicated, it becomes dilated so as to resemble a leaf-sheath rather than a leaf-stalk, as it does usually. One of the most curious cases of this kind is that recorded in the 'Botanical Magazine,' (tab. 5160, f. 4) as having occurred in _Begonia frigida_ already alluded to, and in which, in the centre of a male flower, were four free ovoid ovaries alternating with as many stamens. In the normal flowers of this plant, as is well known, the male flowers have several stamens, while in the female flowers the ovary is strictly inferior, so that, in the singular flower just described, the perianth was inferior instead of being superior, as it is usually. It should be added also that the perianth in these malformed flowers was precisely like that which occurs ordinarily in the male flowers. [Illustration: FIG. 161.--Supernumerary carpels in the orange, arising from substitution of pistils for stamens.] In some varieties of the orange, called by the French "bigarades cornues," the thalamus of the flower, which is usually short, and terminated by a glandular ring-like disc, is prolonged into a little stalk or gynophore, bearing a ring of supernumerary carpels. These carpels are isolated one from another, and are formed by the transformation of the filaments of the stamens.[336]