Moquin mentions the existence of this condition in a female plant of maize, some of the pistils of which were wholly or partially converted into anther-like organs. Mohl has recorded an analogous malformation in _Chamaerops humilis_, and in which the three carpels were normally formed, and only differed from natural ovaries in this, that along the two edges of the ventral suture there was a yellow thickening, which a cross section of the ovary showed to be an anther-lobe filled with pollen.[328] In _Tofieldia calyculata_ a similar substitution of a stamen for a carpel has been observed by Klotsch,[329] and Weber[330] gives other instances in _Prunus_ and _Paeonia_. Corresponding alterations may be met with in cultivated tulips, in the cowslip and other plants. In most of the above cases the transmutation has been perfect, but in quite an equal number of cases a portion only of the carpel is thus changed, generally the style or the stigma; thus Baillon describes the stigmas of _Ricinus communis_ as having been in one instance antheriferous.[331] Moggridge figures a flower of _Ophrys insectifera_ in which the rostellate process was replaced by an anther.[332] Mohl remarks that the change of pistils into stamens is more common in monocarpellary pistils than it is in those which are made up of several carpels. It seems clear that in this transformation the lobes of the anther and the development of pollen have no relation to the production of ovules. =Staminody of the accessory organs of the flower.=--The scales that are met with in some plants, either as excrescences from the petals, or as imperfect representatives of stamens or other organs, are occasionally staminoid; thus the scales of _Saponaria officinalis_, of _Silene_, _Nerium Oleander_, the rays of _Passiflora_, the corona of _Narcissus_, have all been observed occasionally to bear anthers.[333] In the case of _Narcissus_ the loose spongy tissue of the corona seems to have the nearest analogy to the anther-lobes, while the prolonged connective is more like the ordinary segments of the perianth in texture. The species in which this change may most frequently be observed are, _N. poeticus_, _N. incomparabilis_, and _N. montanus_. M. Bureau found in some flowers of _Antirrhinum majus_ two petal-like bodies standing up in front of, or opposite to the two petals of the upper lip,[334] and similar developments in which each of the two adventitious segments are surmounted by an anther may be met with frequently. It does not follow because these organs bear anthers that they are morphologically true stamens. They are really scales, &c., taking on themselves accidentally the characters proper to stamens.