[42] Ibid., 1859, p. 467. [43] 'Flora,' 1858, p. 65, tab. ii. [44] C. Morren. 'Bull. Acad. Belg.,' vol. xv (Fuchsia, p. 89); vol. xviii, p. 591. (Lobelia, p. 142); vol. xix, p. 352; vol. xx, p. 4. [45] 'Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr.,' vol. vii, p. 625. [46] Cramer, 'Bildungsabweichungen,' p. 56, tab. vii, fig. 10, figures a case wherein the two central flowers of the capitulum of _Centaurea Jacea_ were united together. [47] 'Bull. Bot.' tab. iii, figs. 4-6. [48] 'Mem. greffe Ann. Science Nat.,' ser. i, t. xxiv, p. 334. [49] "Mespilus portentosa." Poit. et Turp., 'Pomol. Franc.,' liv, xxxi, p. 202, pl. 202. [50] Duchesne, 'Hist. Nat. Frais.,' p. 79. [51] De Cand., 'Phys. Veget.,' tom. ii, p. 781. [52] Sched. de monstr. plant. 'Act. Helv.,' tab. i, fig. 8. [53] 'Mem. greffe,' loc. cit., tab. xxiv, p. 334. [54] 'Bull. Soc. Bot. Franc.,' 8, pp. 73 and 351, tab. ii; and Roese. 'Bot. Zeit.,' x, p. 410. [55] _Nymphaea lutea_, _AEsculus Hippocastanum_, &c. See Moquin, 'El. Ter. Veg.,' p. 277. [56] C. Martins, 'Promenade Botanique,' p. 8. [57] 'Ann. Sc. Nat.,' t. xix, 1843, p. 141, tab. iv. [58] 'Ann. Nat. Hist.,' ser. 2, vol. ix, tab. xvi. 'Phytologist,' 1857. p. 352, &c. [59] Quoted from the 'Revue Hortic.' in 'Gard. Chron.,' 1866, p. 386. [60] Senebier, 'Phys Veget.,' t. iv, p. 426. The same author also cites Romer as having found two plants of _Ranunculus_, from the stem of which emerged a daisy. As it is not an uncommon practice to stick a daisy on a buttercup, it is to be hoped no hoax was played off on M. Romer. [61] 'El. Ter. Veg.,' p. 289. [62] An instance of this kind is cited in Dr. Robson's memoir of the late Charles Waterton, from which it appears that two trees, a spruce fir and an elm, were originally planted side by side, and had been annually twisted round each other, so that they had in places grown one into the other, with the result of stunting the growth of both trees, thus illustrating, according to the opinion of the eccentric naturalist above cited, the incongruous union of Church and State! [63] See Daubeny, 'Lectures on Roman Husbandry,' p. 156. [64] A. P. De Candolle, 'Organ Veget.,' t. ii, p. 72, tab. liv, fig. 1. [65] 'Bull. Acad. Belg.,' t. xx, part i, 1852, p. 43. PART II. INDEPENDENCE OR SEPARATION OF ORGANS.