Massacre of Spaniards by Indians, 231, 232 Maturín, 202-208; population and climate, 282 MEAT PRODUCTS SYNDICATE, 147, 247, 249 Medicine-men, 121, 122, 130 MENDOZA, DON JOAQUIN MORENO DE, 212. Merevari River, 232. _See also_ Caura Mérida (city), 163-165; population and climate, 281 Mérida; Cordillera of, 32; Sierra Nevada of, 32, 164, 165, 282 Mérida, State of, 163-167; population of, &c., 271 “_Mesas_”; 28, 163, 194 _Mestizos_; rising of, 88; transfer support to patriots, 92 Milk; vegetable, 155 Mineral wealth and mining, 44-46, 148, 159, 173, 174, 243; early exploitation, 74 MIRANDA, DON FRANCISCO, 81, 82; dictatorship and death, 86 Miranda, State of, 141-144; population, &c., 271 Missions, 67, 70, 79, 80, 133, 134 MONÁGAS; General, 89, 98, 99 Monágas; State of, 187, 188, 199, 202-208; population, &c., 271 Montalbán, 146 MONTEVERDE, DON DOMINGO DE, 86, 88 Mora (tree), 48, 49 MORALES; General, 89, 94 MORGAN; SIR HENRY, sacks Gibraltar, 155 MORILLO; General, 89, 90, 92 Mosquitoes, 221; mistaken use of name, 59 Motatán, 168 Motilones Indians, 155 Mucuchíes, 167 N Naiguatá (Peak), 29; height of, 282 Naricual coalmines, 202, 244 Navy, 117; dockyard, 147 New Andalusia; Eastern Venezuela, 50; named by Ojeda, 65 New Cadiz, 70, 73, 183, 184 Nichare, River, 220 NIÑO, PEDRO ALONSO, 66 Nirgua, 175 Nueva Esparta; State of, 181-185; population, &c., 271; Bibliography, 307, 308 O OCAMPO; GONZALEZ DE, 69, 70 Ocumare de la Costa, 148 Ocumare del Tuy, 141; population and climate, 281 Oil-bird. _See_ Guacharo Oil-fields, 263. _See_ Petroleum, &c. OJEDA, ALONSO DE, first to land in Venezuela, 65, 149; his father, 68 O’LEARY, DANIEL F., 91, 201 _Oligarca_ party, 97 ORDAZ, DIEGO DE, 72 Orinoco, 211-234; steamers on, 212, 224, 225, 258; climate of, 222 Ortiz, 209 Otomak tribe, 122 OVIEDO Y BAÑOS, the historian, quoted, 74 P PACHECO, ALONSO DE, 73, 151 PÁEZ, JOSÉ ANTONIO, 90, 95-97 Pampatar, 182 Panama Canal; importance of, to Venezuela, 261-263 Pao copper-mine, 245 Pará; Falls of, 220 Paragua, River, 219 Paraguana, 178 Páramos, 162, 167, 169; vegetation of, 52 Pareca Indians, 122 Paria; Gulf and Peninsula of, 189, 190 Parima, Mts., 224 Pasimonabi Indians, 126 PATERSON, MAJOR S., 222 Pauare Indians, 122 Pearl-fisheries, 182, 184, 236 Pedernales, 190, 245 Pedraza, 210 Pericos, 224 Petare, 141, 142 Petroleum, 45, 46, 150, 159, 161, 169, 177, 183, 185, 186, 188, 190, 191, 245, 262, 263 Philanthropic institutions, 111, 112 Phosphate of lime, 180 Piapoco Indians, 125 PIAR, MANUEL, 87, 89, 90 Piaroa Indians, 125, 227 PIMENTEL, DON JUAN, 76 Pimichin, 234 PLASSARD, on Warraus, 129, 130 PONCE DE LEON, DON DIEGO, 76