2 When outdoors, don’t use floral-scented cosmetic products or leave sweet beverages or foods exposed in areas where they might attract bees. 3 Avoid garbage collection areas, which attract Hymenoptera. 4 When outdoors, always wear shoes and, if possible, a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, or other protective clothing. Don’t wear clothing with a bright floral print or loose-fitting clothing in which stinging insects may be trapped. 5 Don’t make rapid movements around stinging insects or intentionally disturb either the insects or their nests. 6 Eliminate all Hymenoptera nests around inhabited areas (wild honey bee colonies may be removed by a local beekeeper). When necessary, an insecticide such as 5% carbaryl dust may be applied in a nesting area within a building to eliminate the nuisance colony. 7 Educate young children on the hazards of venomous arthropods. Envenomization Reaction/Treatment. (See appendix.) 3. SCORPIONS (Class: Arachnida; Order: Scorpionida) [Illustration: (unlabelled)] Identification. Scorpions are crablike in appearance, with pincers attached to their two front appendages. They also possess a five-segmented “tail” terminating in a bulbous structure with a prominent stinger. The body size of mature scorpions varies from 2 to 10 cm (0.8-4 in) or more, depending upon the species. Distribution. Scorpions are most prevalent in warmer climates. In the United States the two most dangerous scorpion species, _Centruroides sculpturatus_ and _C. gertschi_, have been found only in Arizona. Biology/Behavior. During daylight hours scorpions hide under objects or debris on the ground. At night, they come out of hiding to search for food, which consists primarily of ground-inhabiting arthropods. The prey is grasped with the pincers and stung by rapidly bringing the stinger forward directly over the head. This quick stinging motion is also used for defense, as is usually the case with human envenomizations. Avoidance/Control. To avoid stings in scorpion-infested areas: remove accumulations of boards, rocks, and other debris; wear leather gloves to remove any item from the ground; inspect and shake out clothing or shoes before donning them; and when moving about at night, turn on lights to avoid contacting these nocturnally active arthropods. Insecticides that are commonly used for household cockroach control are also useful for controlling scorpions. Special care should be taken to treat around all baseboards thoroughly. Envenomization Reaction/Treatment. (See appendix.) 4. VELVET ANTS (Order: Hymenoptera; Family: Mutillidae) [Illustration: (unlabelled)]