Venoms: Venomous Animals and Antivenomous Serum-therapeuticsCalmette, A. (Albert)
Science
Venoms: Venomous Animals and Antivenomous Serum-therapeutics
Calmette, A. (Albert)
Antitoxins; Poisonous snakes; Toxins; Venom
C.--Bungarus fasciatus.
XVI.--Case reported by Surgeon-Captain Jay Gould (Nowgong, Central
India, _British Medical Journal_, October 10, 1896, p. 1025).
“On June 11, 1896, a punkah coolie was bitten on the dorsum of the left
foot, between the second and third toes. He had only the distinct mark
of an incisor, a very slight prick, with a stain of blood which marked
the spot. Within ten minutes we had injected 20 c.c. of Calmette’s
serum into the abdominal wall, after which we made a local injection
of a 1 in 60 solution of hyperchlorite of calcium. Two hours after
the injection the temperature was subnormal, the pulse full and slow.
Twelve hours later the patient was perfectly well and walking about.
“The snake was a Bungarus, full grown, measuring 28 inches.
Unfortunately the syces killed it; it died the very moment I arrived,
so that I was unable to test its virulence.”
D.--Bungarus cæruleus.
XVII.--Case reported by Major S. J. Rennie, R.A.M.C., Meerut, N.W.P.,
India.
“A twelve-year old Hindu boy, named Moraddy, was brought to me at
6 p.m., on July 10, in a semi-comatose condition, with commencing
paralysis of the respiratory muscles. I was told that the child was
sleeping on the ground, when he was bitten in the left hand. He
immediately felt very great pain and giddiness, and his arm began to
swell. Two small wounds were clearly visible, corresponding to the
marks of the fangs of a krait, or _Bungarus cæruleus_.
“The child had salivation, and ptosis of both eyelids. Respiration was
difficult, and deglutition impossible; the pulse was 110 and dicrotic.
The patient’s breathing was of an abdominal character; the surface of
the body was covered with cold sweat. The child soon became lethargic
and collapsed; his condition appeared absolutely desperate. I gave a
subcutaneous injection of 12 c.c. of antivenomous serum, and commenced
artificial respiration, which I continued for half an hour in order to
give the serum time to take effect. In forty-eight hours the symptoms
gradually disappeared, and the child became quite well. Diplopia of the
left eye persisted for a few days, but this also entirely passed away.
“This case shows that, in Calmette’s antivenomous serum, we have a
very powerful remedy against snake-bites, which may take effect even
in desperate cases. It further proves that the serum will keep for a
very long time, even when exposed to all the vicissitudes of the Indian
climate, for the serum employed by me had been in my possession for
nearly four years.”
E.--Sepedon hæmachates (Berg-Adder).
XVIII.--Case reported by Mr. W. A. G. Fox, Table Mountain, Cape of Good
Hope.
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