(1) _C. gracilis._--Red or pale brown, with three longitudinal black lines passing through brown, or black spots; the lateral spots alternating with the vertebræ. Black and yellow bands under the tail and on the belly. Total length, 740 millimetres; tail 35. _Habitat_: Malay Peninsula, Sumatra. (2) _C. trimaculatus._--Head and nape black, with a yellow spot on each side of the occiput; belly uniform red; tail with two black rings. Total length, 335 millimetres; tail 21. _Habitat_: India and Burma. (3) _C. maculiceps._--Head and nape black, with one or two yellow bands on each side. Belly red, two black rings on the tail. Diameter of the eyes equal to two-thirds of the space separating them from the mouth. Total length, 485 millimetres; tail 30. _Habitat_: Burma, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula. (4) _C. macclellandii._--Head and neck black, with a yellow transverse band behind the eyes. The space separating the eyes equal to that separating them from the mouth. Colour reddish-brown on the back, with regular and equi-distant black streaks; belly yellow, with black bands or quadrangular spots. The head exhibits two black transverse bands separated by a yellow band. Total length, 620 millimetres; tail 55. _Habitat_: Nepal, Sikkim, Assam, Burma, Southern China. (5) _C. bibronii._--Met with by Beddome in the forests of Malabar, at an altitude of 3,280 feet. Back purplish-brown, with a pearly lustre, and about forty irregular black transverse bands, extending to the tip of the tail. Head black in front, cherry-red on the occiput. Total length, 640 millimetres; tail 50. _Habitat_: Malabar. * * * * * All the snakes belonging to the genus _Callophis_ are remarkable for their bright and varied colours, whence the generic name, which signifies “_beautiful snakes_.” They feed exclusively on other snakes belonging to the Family _Calamaridæ_; consequently they are not found in regions where _Calamaridæ_ do not occur, as, for instance, in Ceylon. They are essentially terrestrial, and live in old tree-trunks, or clefts in rocks. They are sluggish, slow-moving, and chiefly nocturnal. As a rule they do not seek either to defend themselves or to bite; consequently fatal accidents caused by them are scarcely known in the case of human beings. Their venom, however, is very toxic to animals. (e) =Doliophis.= This genus exhibits the same characters as _Callophis_, except that the poison-glands, instead of being confined to the temporal region, extend a very long way on each side of the body, to about one-third of its length, gradually growing thicker and terminating at the base of the heart. It includes four species:-- (1) _D. bivirgatus._--Colour reddish-purple or black on the back, red on the head, tail, and belly. Total length, 1,610 millimetres; tail 190. _Habitat_: Burma, Indo-China, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo.