Vicksburg National Military Park, Mississippi — John Shaqi
Vicksburg National Military Park, MississippiEverhart, William C.
History
Vicksburg National Military Park, Mississippi
Everhart, William C.
Vicksburg (Miss.) -- History -- Siege, 1863; Vicksburg National Military Park (Miss.)
On the morning of May 14, Pemberton, at Edwards Station, received the
dispatch from Johnston (a copy of which Grant had already intercepted)
informing him of the position of Union troops at Clinton, between the
two Confederate forces, and ordering him “if practicable, come up on his
[Grant’s] rear at once.” Pemberton considered the order “suicidal.”
Convinced that Johnston’s recent arrival on the field and separation
from the main body did not give him sufficient information to survey the
situation accurately, Pemberton called a council of war and placed the
order before his commanders. Although a majority of his council favored
obedience to Johnston’s order, Pemberton was unwilling to endorse a
movement which might endanger Vicksburg. It was decided to move instead
against Grant’s supposed communications which were believed essential to
the Union Army’s existence away from the river.
On May 15, Pemberton marched to the southeast with 17,000 men, his route
further separating him from Johnston to the north. Grant, meanwhile,
prepared to head westward, his line of march threatening to pierce the
gap between Johnston and Pemberton and beat both of them in the race for
Vicksburg. On the morning of the 16th, a second order was received from
Johnston ordering Pemberton to move to the north and join Johnston. This
order was obeyed, but as Pemberton’s troops were countermarching they
were struck by Union troops.
The battle of Champion’s Hill centered around a crescent-shaped ridge of
about 75 feet elevation near the Champion plantation home and involved
three parallel roads leading from Edwards Station to Raymond. Each of
Pemberton’s three divisions—led by General Bowen, General Loring, and
Maj. Gen. Carter L. Stevenson—covered one of these roads. The battle
opened shortly before noon on the 16th when Brig. Gen. A. P. Hovey’s
Union Division, supported by Logan’s Division, attacked along the north
road which passed over the slope of Champion’s Hill. From the crest of
the hill, Stevenson’s Confederate Division opened a heavy fire on the
advancing Union lines which steadily mounted the ridge, driving the
Confederates back and capturing 11 guns. To meet this threat to the
Confederate left flank, Bowen’s Division was shifted to the north to
prevent a breakthrough. Re-forming his lines, Bowen counterattacked the
ridge position. He dislodged the Federal infantry, driving them from the
slope, and recaptured all but two of the lost guns.
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