Victorian Literature: Sixty Years of Books and Bookmen — John Shaqi
Victorian Literature: Sixty Years of Books and BookmenShorter, Clement King
History
Victorian Literature: Sixty Years of Books and Bookmen
Shorter, Clement King
English literature -- 19th century -- History and criticism
=Anne Brontë (1819-1849)= wrote more than her sister Emily, but with
less of recognition. She contributed verses to the little volume of
poems under the name of Acton Bell, and additional verses were published
after her death by Charlotte. In addition to this she wrote two novels,
the first of them "Agnes Grey," and the second "The Tenant of Wildfell
Hall." This last, curiously enough, went into a second edition during
Anne's lifetime, and she contributed a preface to it defending herself
against her critics. Neither Anne's poetry nor her novels are of any
account to-day. They would not be read, were it not for the glory with
which her two sisters have surrounded the name of Brontë.
Women novelists have abundantly flourished during the Victorian Era, but
then the path was made easy for them by Jane Austen, Maria Edgeworth,
and Fanny Burney. By all those who delight in debatable comparisons the
name of George Eliot is frequently brought into contrast with that of
Charlotte Brontë. =George Eliot (1819-1880)= was born at Griff in
Warwickshire, her real name being Mary Ann Evans. She was for a time at
a school at Nuneaton, and afterwards at Coventry. At first she was an
evangelical churchwoman, but about 1842 she became acquainted with two
or three cultivated women friends at whose houses she met Froude,
Emerson, and Francis Newman, all of whom represented a reverent
antagonism to supernatural Christianity. In conjunction with Sarah
Hennell, she undertook a translation of Strauss's "Life of Jesus." On
her father's death, in 1849, she came to London and became associated
with Dr Chapman in the editorship of the _Westminster Review_. It was
her friendship with George Henry Lewes, whom she met in 1851, which gave
her the first impulse towards fiction. Lewes was an active critic, and a
writer of two now forgotten novels. Miss Evans's "Scenes of Clerical
Life" were sent to Blackwood's Magazine in 1856. The stories were a
great success. Thackeray and Dickens were loud in expressions of
admiration. In 1859 "Adam Bede" was published and made George Eliot
famous. "It is the finest thing since Shakspere," said Charles Reade.
Her success, however, did not lead to hasty production. She wrote only
six novels during the remainder of her life. "I can write no word that
is not prompted from within," she said. "The Mill on the Floss" was
written in 1860; "Silas Marner" in 1861; "Romola" in 1863; "Felix Holt"
in 1866; "Middlemarch" in 1871-1872; and "Daniel Deronda" in 1876.
In 1880 Miss Mary Ann Evans became Mrs Walter Cross, but after a few
months of wedded life she died of inflammation of the heart at 4 Cheyne
Walk, Chelsea. Her husband wrote her biography, not with much success.
So entirely was George Eliot's best mind concentrated upon her books
that her letters, and indeed her personality, were a disappointment to
all but a few hero-worshippers.
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