English poetry -- 19th century -- History and criticism; Great Britain -- History -- Victoria, 1837-1901
Arnold’s gift of bringing a certain spare prose quality with profit
into his poetry is not, therefore, to be observed in his use of such
words as “magnificent” and the rest, which are naturally enough poetic,
and not dangerous so long as they are kept clearly distinguished from
the specifically prose “gorgeous” group. Nor, again, as we have seen,
is it to be found in his control of such simplicities as “the sun is
bright,” since these also are--or can be in right usage--essentially
poetic. Also it is a distinct thing from that other simplicity that
relies at moments of almost overwhelming emotion upon an expression
stripped of every syllable that can go and yet, throbbing with
momentum, having nothing in it of understatement; the kind of
expression of which Shakespeare was the supreme master--
Soft you. A word or two before you go.
I have done the state some service, and they know’t.
No more of that....
and
O! that a man might know
The end of this day’s business, ere it come;
But it sufficeth that the day will end
And then the end is known ...
and
She should have died hereafter;
There would have been a time for such a word....
The quality of which we are speaking in Arnold was, rather, a certain
sudden tempering of the diction in poetry, with magical result. It was
a quality that he more than any other poet of his time recovered from
the seventeenth century, the age of poets like Vaughan and Marvell who
could lift us to the height of poetic enjoyment with such prose-habited
devices as--
Where no rude foot e’er trod,
Where, since he walk’d there, only go
Prophets and friends of God....
and
The grave’s a fine and private place.
These are not at all in the same kind as “She should have died
hereafter.” They depend for their effect not upon the sudden release of
vast cumulative passion, but upon the lovely--almost arrogant--draft
upon commonplace, the perfectly judged use of “friends” and “fine”
at their utterly unexpected but divinely appointed moments. And this
effect Arnold could often come by, and the rest of the Victorians
hardly ever. Here are two examples--
I have a fretted brick-work tomb
Upon a hill on the right hand,
Hard by a close of apricots
Upon the road to Samarcand.
Thither, O Vizier, will I bear
This man my pity could not save:
And, plucking up the marble flags,
There lay his body in my grave.
Bring water, nard, and linen rolls,
Wash off all blood, set smooth each limb.
They say: “He was not wholly vile,
Because a king shall bury him.” ...
and
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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