History of the vegetable covering. Gradual extension of vegetation over the naked crust of rock. Lichens, mosses, oleaginous plants. Cause of the present absence of vegetation in certain districts.—pp. 213–220. Each zone has its peculiar character. All animal and vegetable conformation is bound to fixed and ever-recurring types. Physiognomy of Nature. Analysis of the combined effect produced by a region. The individual elements of this impression. Outline of the mountain ranges; azure of the sky; shape of the clouds. That which chiefly determines the character is the vegetable covering. Animal organizations are deficient in mass; the mobility of individual species, and often their diminutiveness, conceals them from view—pp. 220–223. Enumeration of the forms of Plants which principally determine the physiognomy of Nature, and which increase or diminish from the equator towards the Pole, in obedience to established laws— Text. Illustrations. Palms pp. 223–224 pp. 296–304 Banana form p. 224 p. 305 Malvaceæ p. 224 pp. 305–307 Mimosæ p. 225 pp. 307–308 Ericeæ p. 225 pp. 308–310 Cactus form p. 226 pp. 310–312 Form of Orchideæ p. 226 pp. 312–313 Casuarinæ p. 226 pp. 313–314 Acicular-leaved Trees p. 227 pp. 314–329 Pothos form, and that of the Aroideæ p. 227 pp. 329–331 Lianes and Climbing plants pp. 227–228 pp. 331–332 Aloes p. 228 pp. 332–334 Grass form p. 228 pp. 334–337 Ferns p. 229 pp. 337–341 Lilies p. 229 pp. 341–343 Willow form p. 229 p. 343 Myrtles p. 229 pp. 343–346 Melastomaceæ p. 229 p. 346 Laurel form p. 229 p. 346 Enjoyment resulting from the natural grouping and contrasts of these plant-forms. Importance of the physiognomical study of plants to the landscape-painter—pp. 229–231. SCIENTIFIC ILLUSTRATIONS AND ADDITIONS pp. 232–352. Organisms, both animal and vegetable, in the highest Alpine regions, near the line of eternal snow, in the Andes chain, and the Alps; insects are carried up involuntarily by the ascending current of air. The small field-mouse (_Hypudæus nivalis_) of the Swiss Alps. On the real height to which the Chinchilla laniger mounts in Chili—pp. 232–233.