SAMUEL T. HAUSER, EX-GOVERNOR OF MONTANA 256 COLONEL WILBUR F. SANDERS, PRINCIPAL PROSECUTOR OF GEORGE IVES 300 HILL BEACHY, LLOYD MAGRUDER’S AVENGER 332 NEIL HOWIE, CAPTOR OF “DUTCH JOHN” 352 JOHN FETHERSTUN, OVERLAND EXPRESS MESSENGER 358 A VIGILANTE EXECUTION 396 JOHN X. BEIDLER, LEADING VIGILANTE AND EXPRESS MESSENGER 464 INTRODUCTION It is stated on good authority, that soon after the first appearance of Schiller’s drama of “The Robbers” a number of young men, charmed with the character of Charles De Moor, formed a band and went to the forests of Bohemia to engage in brigand life. I have no fear that such will be the influence of this volume. It deals in facts. Robber life as delineated by the vivid fancy of Schiller, and robber life as it existed in our mining regions, were as widely separated as fiction and truth. No one can read this record of events, and escape the conviction that an honest, laborious, and well-meaning life, whether successful or not, is preferable to all the temporary enjoyments of a life of recklessness and crime. The truth of the adage that “Crime carries with it its own punishment” has never received a more powerful vindication than at the tribunals erected by the people of the northwest mines for their protection. No sadder commentary could have stained our civilization than to permit the numerous and bloody crimes committed in the early history of this portion of our country to go unwhipped of justice. And the fact that they were promptly and thoroughly dealt with stands among the earliest and noblest characteristics of a people which derived their ideas of right and of self-protection from that spirit of the law that flows spontaneously from our free institutions. The people bore with crime until punishment became a duty and neglect a crime. Then, at infinite hazard of failure, they entered upon the work of purgation with a strong hand—and in the briefest possible time established the supremacy of law. The robbers and murderers of the mining regions, so long defiant of the claims of peace and safety, were made to hold the gibbet in greater terror there than in any other portion of our country.