Produced by Tom Roch and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images produced by Core Historical Literature in Agriculture (CHLA), Cornell University) VILLAGE IMPROVEMENTS AND FARM VILLAGES. By GEO. E. WARING, JR. CONSULTING ENGINEER FOR SANITARY AND AGRICULTURAL WORKS. BOSTON: JAMES R. OSGOOD AND COMPANY, (Late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co.) 1877. COPYRIGHT, 1877, BY GEO. E. WARING, JR. FRANKLIN PRESS: RAND, AVERY, & CO., BOSTON. The following papers on Village Improvements and Farm Villages are reprinted, with some amendments, from "Scribners Monthly." These constitute the more practical part of the book, so far as villages are concerned. It has, however, been judged appropriate to add to them a paper on Eastern Farming, which originally appeared in "The Atlantic Monthly," and which continues the discussion of the question of village residence as a means for mitigating some of the hardships which beset the lives of isolated country families. The wide-spread and growing interest in the topics considered makes it seem worth while to give these short essays a more permanent form. G. E. W., JR. NEWPORT, R.I., June, 1877. CONTENTS. PAGE VILLAGE IMPROVEMENTS 11 VILLAGE SANITARY WORK 69 FARM VILLAGES 114 LIFE AND WORK OF THE EASTERN FARMER 159 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE FIG. 1.--DRAINAGE OF HILL-SIDE FOOT-PATH 31 FIG. 2.--SECTION OF ROAD WITH DRAINS 44 FIG. 3.--PIPES RESTING ON THEIR SHOULDERS 73 FIG. 4.--PIPES RESTING ON THEIR FULL LENGTH 73 FIG. 5.--GREASE-TRAP 79 FIG. 6.--FIELD'S FLUSH-TANK 80 FIG. 7.--THE EMERSON VENTILATOR 86 FIG. 8.--DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING MANNER OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL AT LENOX, MASS. 97 FIG. 9.--SETTLING BASIN 102 FIG. 10.--ARRANGEMENT OF ABSORPTION DRAINS, 105 FIG. 11.--DIVISION OF FOUR SQUARE MILES WITH CENTRAL VILLAGE 124 FIG. 12.--DIVISION OF THE CENTRAL VILLAGE 126 FIG. 13.--DIVISION OF THE CENTRAL OPEN SPACE OF THE VILLAGE 131 FIG. 14.--PRESENT DIVISION AND SETTLEMENT OF TRACT IN RHODE ISLAND 133 FIG. 15.--THE RHODE ISLAND TRACT WITH ITS BUILDINGS GATHERED TOGETHER INTO A COMPACT VILLAGE 135 FIG. 16.--PROPOSED ARRANGEMENT OF THE RHODE ISLAND FARM VILLAGE 139 VILLAGE IMPROVEMENTS.