33. "Oto encampment, near the Platte, 1819." Seymour 102 34. _a_, Oto pemmican maul. _b_, Heavy stone maul. _c_, Mandan implement for dressing hides 120 35. _a_, Oto dugout canoe, from Kurz's sketchbook. _b_, Hidatsa bull-boat and paddle 120 36. Winnebago habitations, about 1870. _a_, Structure with arbor. _b_, Showing entrance on side 120 37. Winnebago structures 120 38. _a_, Interior of a Mandan lodge. Catlin. _b_, Scene in a Mandan village. Catlin 132 39. "Mih-tutta-hangkusch," a Mandan village. Bodmer 132 40. Interior of a Mandan lodge. Bodmer 136 41. _a_, _c_, Mandan wooden bowls. _b_, Mandan earthenware jar 136 42. _a_, Buffalo horn spoon. _b_, Spoon made of horn of mountain sheep. Mandan 136 43. "Miniatarree village." Catlin 136 44. "Winter village of the Minatarres." _a_, Original pencil sketch. _b_, Finished picture of same. Bodmer 142 45. From Kurz's sketchbook. _a_, Use of a carrying basket. _b_, The ring-and-pole game. _c_, Hidatsa with bull-boats 142 46. Crow tipis. _a_, "Crow lodge." Catlin. _b_, Camp at the old agency, 1871 152 47. A camp in a cottonwood grove 152 48. Trader crossing the prairies. Page of Kurz's sketchbook 162 49. Pawnee village, 1871 162 50. Pawnee earth lodges, 1871 162 51. In a Pawnee village, 1871. _a_, Children at lodge entrance. _b_, Showing screen near same entrance 162 52. __a, Arikara carrying basket. _b_, Wichita mortar 168 53. "Riccaree village." Catlin 168 54. _a_, Arikara rake. _b_, Arikara hoe. _c_, Crow parfleche box 178 55. Wichita habitations. _a_, Near Anadarko. _b_, Lodge standing about 1880 178 TEXT FIGURES 1. The buffalo of Gomara, 1554 4 2. Tipis 59 3. Horse travois 66 4. Plan of the large Mandan village, 1833 131 5. "The ark of the first man" 132 6. Typical earth lodges 133 7. Inclosed bed 134 8. Plan of the interior of a Mandan lodge 135 9. Wooden club 138 10. Plan of the Mandan village at Fort Clark 140 11. Plan of a ceremonial lodge 144 12. Plan of the large Hidatsa village 145