Produced by Mark C. Orton, David E. Brown and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net VIRGINIA ARCHITECTURE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY By HENRY CHANDLEE FORMAN Ph.D. (Fine Arts), A.I.A. With Drawings and Photographs by the Author VIRGINIA 350TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION CORPORATION WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA 1957 COPYRIGHT©, 1957 BY HENRY CHANDLEE FORMAN Jamestown 350th Anniversary Historical Booklet, Number 11 Dedicated to Singleton Peabody Moorehead INTRODUCTION In the green, southern land which today comprises the Commonwealth of Virginia, there flourished three centuries ago the fine art of architecture, and it is with that subject--the art of building in good design, with sound construction, and for the proper use--that this brief essay is concerned. But it is deplorable for one interested in the subject of historic preservation to have to relate what time and man have done to seventeenth-century Virginia architecture; there is so very little left compared to what formerly existed. If it has not been man himself with his so-called "improvements," his neglect, and his vandalism, it has been fire, the weather, and the insects which have caused widespread obliteration--almost a clean sweep--of the structures of those times. Nevertheless, by means of careful studies of a few existing buildings, of several foundations under the ground, of artifacts and manuscripts, of old prints and photographs--and even of relevant material found in Britain,--we possess today enough data to make a goodly outline of the subject. Set forth here are the principal styles of architecture in Virginia between 1600 and 1700, with some account of their origins and their development. [Illustration: PUNCHED BRASS KEY ESCUTCHEON 2-5/8" long, from the "Bin House," Jamestown] The writer has endeavored to approach this task with understanding and sympathy, for which he is qualified. He has lived on the Jamestown road in Williamsburg and has Jamestown in his blood; he has written and lectured much on Virginia; is currently a registered architect in that Commonwealth; and on both sides of his family traces his descent back to the seventeenth-century Chews, Brents, Ayres, and Skipwiths, who, living along the banks of the James River, saw much of the architecture described herein. In the preparation for this little work, two incidents stand out as being important and essential: in 1936 he was a house guest of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities and lived in its "Malvern Hill" reproduction at Jamestown while he made studies of the ruins on that property; and in 1940 he stayed several nights on the Pamunkey Indian Reservation, near West Point, as guest of those Virginia Indians, while he made a study in art and archaeology in part preparation for the doctorate.