Virginia Architecture in the Seventeenth CenturyForman, Henry Chandlee
History
Virginia Architecture in the Seventeenth Century
Forman, Henry Chandlee
Architecture -- Virginia -- History -- 17th century; Architecture, Colonial -- Virginia
Another bit of hardware from the "First State House" was a pair of
decorative cupboard latch-bars, with diagonal grooves, with
spear-and-ball terminations at one end and with "V"-shaped notches at
the other.
An outstanding example of woodcarving is the folk Jacobean capital with
its heart shield and twin volutes at the dwelling, "Christ's Cross," in
New Kent. How many other wood sculptures of equal importance have been
lost in the almost clean sweep of seventeenth-century Virginia building?
For all that, we know today that the Virginia domicile and edifice
sometimes possessed in its details and its decoration an elegance
scarcely yet realized in this country--an elegance for which it is
necessary to search England to find the proper sources and comparisons.
[Illustration: MEDIEVAL DOOR AND FURNITURE HARDWARE FROM JAMESTOWN
Originally made for _Antiques Magazine_, this drawing shows a.
wrought-iron key; b. and i. Cock's Head hinges; c. door-pull
escutcheon; d. iron key; e. part of a strap-hinge; f. stock-lock main
plate; g. small brass cabinet hinge; h. brass keyhole escutcheon.]
VI
EPILOGUE: WHAT HAPPENED TO THE SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY STYLES?
When over the fens and marshy slashes of Jamestown Island the eighteenth
century dawned in that year of 1700, there were two significant aspects
of Virginia architectural history which stand out clearly. Today the
first of these aspects is well known, but the second is known only to a
handful of persons. They are:
1. The most important style of architecture of the eighteenth
century--the pseudo-classical Georgian--was about to make its entrée
upon the Virginia scene, with the building of the "Governor's
Palace," Williamsburg, begun in 1706.
2. All the styles of architecture, both American Indian and English,
which flourished in the seventeenth century carried over--_hung
over_--into the eighteenth century, and even into the nineteenth
century.
The Georgian Style, of course, was actually English Georgian--Georgian
of England--and in Virginia it prevailed from the 1710s to the 1780s--a
span of some seventy years. It ushered into the Old Dominion a rage for
ballrooms, such as that in the "Governor's Palace," theatres, tea
tables, and china. It marked the golden age of the great houses, like
"Marmion," "Stratford Hall," "Westover," and "Mt. Vernon."
At the same time in Virginia there existed side by side with the
Georgian Style the following five styles of architecture, of which the
last four have been identified and named by this writer for convenience:
1. The American Indian Style, which faded away probably in the first
quarter of the nineteenth century.
2. The "Hangover" Medieval Style.
3. The "Hangover" Jacobean Style.
4. The Transitional Style, which, as we have seen, prevailed from
about 1680 to about 1730.
5. The "Hangover" Transitional Style (after about 1730).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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