Visual Illusions: Their Causes, Characteristics and ApplicationsLuckiesh, Matthew
Science
Visual Illusions: Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications
Luckiesh, Matthew
Optical illusions
In such a case as the foregoing, true explanations are likely to involve
many factors. For this reason explanations are usually tedious if they are
to be sufficiently qualified to be reasonably near completeness. In this
case it appears that the yellow filter may cause one to appraise the
intensity of illumination as having increased, by associating such an
influence as the sun coming out from behind a cloud. If we look into the
depths where light and color accumulated their psychological powers, we
are confronted on every hand by associations many of which are more or
less obscure, and therefore are subtly influential.
The psychological powers of colors could have been discussed more
generally in the preceding chapter, but inasmuch as they can be
demonstrated more effectively by lighting (and after all the effect is one
of light in any case) they will be discussed briefly here. They have been
presented more at length elsewhere.
It is well known that the artist, decorator, and others speak of warm and
cold colors, and these effects have a firm psychological foundation. For
example, if a certain room be illuminated by means of blue light, it does
seem colder. A theater illuminated by means of bluish light seems
considerably cooler to the audience than is indicated by the thermometer.
If this lighting is resorted to in the summer time the theater will be
more inviting and, after all, in such a case it makes little difference
what the thermometer indicates. The "cold" light has produced an illusion
of coolness. Similarly "warm" light, such as yellow or orange, is
responsible for the opposite feeling and it is easily demonstrated that an
illusion of higher temperature may be produced by its use. As already
stated, color-schemes in the decorations and furnishings produce similar
effects but in general they are more powerful when the primary light is
colored. In the latter case no object is overlooked for even the hands and
faces of the beings in the room are colored by the light. In the case of
color-schemes not all objects are tinged with the desired "warm" or "cold"
color.
In the foregoing, associations play a prominent rôle. The sky has been
blue throughout the numberless centuries during which the human organism
evolved. The blue-sky during all these centuries has tinged the shadows
outdoors a bluish color. That shade is relatively cool we know by
experience and perhaps we associate coolness or cold with the aerial
realm. These are glimpses of influences which have coöperated toward
creating the psychological effect of coldness in the case of bluish light.
By contrast with skylight, sunlight is yellowish, and a place in the sun
is relatively warm. South rooms are usually warmer than north rooms in
this hemisphere when artificial heat is absent and the psychological
effect of warmth has naturally grown out of these and similar influences.
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