Visual Illusions: Their Causes, Characteristics and ApplicationsLuckiesh, Matthew
Science
Visual Illusions: Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications
Luckiesh, Matthew
Optical illusions
We could go further into the psychology of light and color and conjecture
regarding effects directly attributable to color, such as excitement,
depression, and tranquillity. In so doing we would be led far astray from
illusions in the sense of the term as used here. Although this term as
used here is still somewhat restricted, it is broader in scope than in its
usual applications. However, it is not broad enough to lead far into the
many devious highways and byways of light and color. If we did make these
excursions we would find associations almost universally answering the
questions. The question would arise as to innate powers of colors and we
would find ourselves wondering if all these powers were acquired (through
associations) and whether or not some were innate. And after many
interesting views of the intricate subject we would likely conclude that
the question of the innateness of some of the powers of color must be left
unanswered.
As an example let us take the case of the restfulness or depression due to
blue. We note that the blue sky is quite serene or tranquil and we find
that the delicate sensibilities of poets verify this impression. This
association could account for the impression or feeling of tranquillity
associated with blue. On proceeding further, we would find nature's
solitudes often tinged with the blue skylight, for these solitudes are
usually in the shade. Thus their restfulness or even depressiveness may be
accounted for--partially at least. These brief glimpses are presented in
order that they may suggest to the reader another trend of thought when
certain illusions of light and color are held up for analysis. Besides
these our individual experiences which have molded our likes and dislikes
must be taken into account. This phase of light and color has been treated
elsewhere.[6]
A very unusual kind of optical illusion is illustrated by the phenomenon
of the apparent ending of a searchlight beam which has attracted much
attention in connection with the powerful searchlights used for locating
aeroplanes (Fig. 77). For years the apparent ending has more or less
carelessly been attributed to the diminution of the density of atmospheric
fog or haze, but recently Karrer[13] has suggested what appears to be the
correct explanation.
When the beam of light from a powerful searchlight is directed into space,
its path is visible owing to the scattering of some of the light by dust
and moisture particles and the molecules of the air itself. While
obviously the beam itself must go on indefinitely, its luminous path
appears to end abruptly at no very great distance from the source. This is
true whether the beam is photographed or viewed with the naked eye.
[Illustration: Fig. 77.--Apparent ending of a searchlight beam.]
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