Visual Illusions: Their Causes, Characteristics and ApplicationsLuckiesh, Matthew
Science
Visual Illusions: Their Causes, Characteristics and Applications
Luckiesh, Matthew
Optical illusions
The fact that the appearance of the beam is no different when it is
directed horizontally than when directed vertically proved that the common
assumption pertaining to the ending of the haze or fog is untenable.
Furthermore, photometric measurements on the different portions of the
beam as seen from a position near the searchlight show that the beam is
actually brighter at its outer termination than near its origin. Again,
the apparent length of the beam varies with the position of the observer,
and bears a direct ratio to his distance from the searchlight.
The fact is, that the luminous path of the beam has no definite ending,
and extends to a very great distance--practically to infinity. It appears
to be sharply cut off for the same reason that the boundary between earth
and sky in a flat landscape is a sharp line. Just as the horizon recedes
when the landscape is viewed from an elevation, so the beam appears longer
when one's distance from it is increased. The outer portion appears
brighter, because here the line of sight pierces it to great depth.
That the ending of the beam appears _close at hand_ is no doubt partly due
to the brightness distribution, but is also a matter of perspective
arising from the manner in which the beam is adjusted. Searchlight
operators in the army were instructed to adjust the light to throw a
parallel beam. Accordingly, the adjustments were so made that the beam
appeared the same width at its outer extremity as at its base. The result
seems to be a short parallel shaft of light, but is really a divergent
cone of infinite extent, its angle of divergence being such as exactly to
offset the effects of perspective.
If the beam were a truly parallel one it would seem to come to a point,
just as the edges of a long straight stretch of country road seem to meet
at the horizon. If the sides of the road were not parallel, but diverged
from the observer's eye at exactly the rate at which they ordinarily would
appear to converge, then the road would seem to be as wide where it passed
out at the horizon as at the observer's feet. If there were no other
means in the landscape of judging the distance of the horizon than by the
perspective afforded by the road, it would likely be inferred that the
road only extended a short distance on the level, and then went down a
hill, that is, passed abruptly from the observer's view.
These conditions obtain ideally in the case of the searchlight beam. There
is no other means of judging the position in space of the "end" of an
unobstructed searchlight beam than by the perspective of the beam itself,
and the operator in adjusting it to appear parallel eliminates the
perspective.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account