The following tables illustrate the principle of norms and standards for mental and physical characteristics. In these cases various traits or measures of performance have been recorded on large numbers of children at each age from six years to eighteen years. The figures under a given age column indicate what should be expected from the average or normal person of that age, in the trait in question. If the individual is precisely "at age" in all the traits measured, all his records will fall in the vertical column under the figure indicating age. Deviation above or below the average will be indicated by position above or below this column. For description of the tests and instructions for their administration the reader should consult the references given on pages 275-282. PSYCHOPHYSICAL NORMS _Physical_ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | Year Trait |---------------------------------------------------------------- | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 ---------------+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+----+---- Height (cm) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Boys | 111| 116| 121| 126| 131| 135| 140| 146| 152| 158| 164| 168| 171 Girls | 110| 115| 120| 125| 130| 135| 141| 148| 154| 157| 158| 159| 159 Weight (kg) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Boys | 20| 22| 24| 26| 29| 31| 34| 38| 43| 48| 53| 57| 61 Girls | 19| 21| 23| 25| 28| 31| 34| 39| 44| 48| 51| 52| 53 Skull L. (mm) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Boys | 177| 179| 180| 181| 182| 183| 183| 184| 187| 188| 191| 191| 192 Girls | 172| 174| 175| 176| 177| 180| 180| 181| 183| 184| 184| 185| 186 Skull W (mm) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Boys |142 | 142| 143| 144| 144| 145| 145| 147| 147| 148| 149| 150| 151 Girls |139 | 140| 140| 141| 142| 142| 143| 144| 145| 146| 146| 146| 147 Vital Capacity | | | | | | | | | | | | | (cc) Boys |1023|1168|1316|1469|1603|1732|1883|2108|2395|2697|3120|3483|3655 " Girls | 950|1061|1165|1286|1409|1526|1664|1827|2014|2168|2266|2319|2343 Tapping | | | | | | | | | | | | | (Right Hand) | | | | | | | | | | | | | (30 sec.) | | | | | | | | | | | | | B | ...| ...| 147| 151| 161| 169| 170| 184| 184| 191| 196| 196| 197 G | ...| ...| 146| 149| 157| 169| 169| 178| 181| 181| 184| 188| 193 Grip (kg) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Right, Boys | 9| 11| 12| 14| 17| 19| 21| 24| 28| 33| 39| 45| 49