---------------------------------------------------- | Judgments by Associates Compared with | the Judgments of the Photographs Trait |-------------------------------------- | By 25 Men | By 25 Women | Average -------------+------------+--------------+---------- Neatness | .03 | .07 | .05 Conceit | .10 | .27 | .19 Sociability | .29 | .29 | .29 Humor | .21 | .45 | .33 Likeability | .30 | .45 | .38 Intelligence | .42 | .61 | .51 Refinement | .50 | .52 | .51 Beauty | .60 | .49 | .55 Snobbishness | .58 | .53 | .56 Vulgarity | .61 | .69 | .65 |------------+--------------+---------- Average | .36 | .43 | .40 ---------------------------------------------------- The correspondence between judgments of acquaintance and judgments of photographs is seen to vary with the trait in question. Such traits as neatness, conceit, sociability, humor, and likeability, important as they are for vocational success or failure, show very low correlation. The judgments of the photographs tell almost nothing at all of the nature of the impression which the individual makes on her acquaintances, her true character. With the remaining traits--beauty, intelligence, refinement, snobbishness, and vulgarity--the coefficients are considerably larger, and suggest that the photographs tend to be judged by the strangers in somewhat the same way as the individuals are judged by their acquaintances. Two points of special importance should be noted in this connection. The first is that these correlations are not between the judgments of single individuals. It is the combined or group judgment of twenty-five judges which is required to yield these coefficients which even then average only about .40 correlation with the estimates of associates. The following table shows the ability of ten judges, chosen at random, to estimate these characteristics through the examination of the photographs. In securing this table the arrangement made by each individual judge was correlated with the established order as determined by the estimates of associates, in the case of the three traits--intelligence, neatness and sociability.