As in the case of Cattell's results, figures are presented showing the degree of divergence among the judges in estimating the different traits. In the table on page 139 these figures are given, as shown in the records of five judges in one of Norsworthy's experiments, and the records of the twelve judges in Cattell's investigation. The average variability or degree of divergence for all the twenty-four traits is taken as the standard and each trait compared with this standard. A variability of one hundred thus indicates the average amount of disagreement. Figures smaller than one hundred indicate that the agreement was closer than average, and figures larger than one hundred indicate that here the judges disagreed by more than the average amount. Naturally, there is not perfect agreement in these two cases, since the one set of data is from a group of girls judging one another on the basis of their acquaintance as social comrades and fellow students, while the other set is from scientific men judging one another on the basis of less constant association and largely on acquaintance in lecturing, research, teaching and the writing of articles and books. Moreover, results from groups of only five judges in the one case and only twelve in the other are subject to considerable variable error. In spite of these facts, interesting suggestions are afforded by the comparison. TABLE 1 VARIABILITY IN JUDGING DIFFERENT TRAITS ------------------------------------------------------------ | Relative Divergence of Different Judges Trait |------------------------------------------- | Cattell, | Norsworthy,| Average of Both | 12 Judges | 5 Judges | Experiments ----------------+-----------+------------+------------------ Efficiency | 75.0 | 92.4 | 83.7 (Close Originality | 95.2 | 77.2 | 86.2 Agreement) Quickness | 90.0 | 88.0 | 89.0 Intellect | 95.2 | 92.0 | 93.6 | | | Perseverance | 75.0 | 101.0 | 88.1 Judgment | 100.0 | 78.7 | 89.4 (Fair Will | 85.1 | 98.1 | 91.8 Agreement) Breadth | 100.0 | 92.4 | 96.2 Leadership | 90.0 | 102.9 | 96.5 | | | Clearness | 104.9 | 75.7 | 90.3 Mental Balance | 110.2 | 81.8 | 96.0 Intensity | 85.1 | 113.7 | 99.4 Reasonableness | 115.0 | 86.4 | 100.7 (Slight Independence | 104.9 | 98.5 | 101.7 Agreement) Refinement | 90.0 | 116.5 | 103.5 Physical Health | 115.0 | 92.4 | 103.7 Emotions | 120.0 | 91.0 | 105.5 Energy | 75.0 | 109.0 | 91.0 Courage | 100.0 | 119.5 | 109.8 | | | Unselfishness | 115.0 | 106.0 | 110.5