Voltaire's history of Charles XII, king of SwedenVoltaire
Philosophy
Voltaire's history of Charles XII, king of Sweden
Voltaire
Charles XII, King of Sweden, 1682-1718
One party of the Swedes took the baggage of Augustus in which were
400,000 crowns of silver coin; Stanislas seized 800,000 ducats
belonging to Prince Menzikoff, the Russian general, Charles, leading
his cavalry, would often march thirty leagues in twenty-four hours,
every soldier leading another mount to use when his own should be
spent. The Russians, panic-stricken and reduced to a small band, fled
in confusion beyond the Borysthenes.
While Charles was thus driving the Russians into the heart of
Lithuania, Schullemburg at last repassed the Oder and came at the head
of 20,000 men to offer battle to the great Marshal Renschild, who was
considered Charles’s best general, and was called the Parmenio of the
North. These two famous generals, who seemed to share the fate of their
respective masters, met near Punits, at a place called Frauenstadt, a
territory which had already proved fatal to the troops of Augustus.
Renschild had only thirteen battalions and twenty-two squadrons, which
made a total of about 10,000 men, and Schullemburg had twice that
number.
It must be remembered, too, that he had in his army between 6,000 and
7,000 Russians, who had been under discipline a long time, and were
as reliable as veterans. This battle of Fraustadt was fought on 12th
February, 1706: but the same General Schullemburg, who with 4,000 men
had to a certain extent harassed the King of Sweden, was completely
defeated by General Renschild. The battle did not last a quarter of an
hour, in a moment the Saxons wavered, and the Russians threw down their
arms on the first appearance of the Swedes. The panic was so sudden and
the confusion so great that the conquerors found on the field 7,000
muskets ready loaded, which they had thrown away without firing. There
never was a rout more sudden, more complete or more disgraceful: and
yet all the Saxon and Swedish officers acknowledged that no general had
ever arranged his men better; it was that day that they realized how
little human foresight can pre-arrange events.
Among the prisoners there was a whole regiment of French. These poor
wretches had been taken by the Saxon troops in 1704 at the famous
battle of Hochstet, which was so fatal to the greatness of Louis XIV.
They had since enlisted under King Augustus, who had formed them into
a regiment of dragoons, and put them under the command of a Frenchman
called Joyeuse. The colonel was killed at the first and only charge of
the Swedes, and the whole regiment became prisoners of war. From that
day these Frenchmen petitioned to be taken into the service of the King
of Sweden; they were received into that service by a singular fate,
which preserved them for a further change of their conqueror to their
master.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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