a small province, and _Arrucate_, are two pretty strong fortresses in the interior part of the country, and at the same time cities of great antiquity. According to Ptolemy, _Brahmanes Magi_ resided formerly at _Cangipuri_ in the kingdom of _Carnada_, and therefore it is beyond all doubt that in the first century of the Christian æra there were magi in India as well as in Persia. In the remotest periods there was a temple at _Cangipuri_, which is still frequented by a great number of pilgrims. It is dedicated to _Vishnu_, who, according to the doctrine of the Indians, first created water, and from water the whole universe. The image of this deity, who is here represented with four hands, is carried round in triumph, on certain days, in a very high carriage drawn by sixty persons. In his first hand he holds the sacred wheel; in the second, a huntsman’s horn; in the third, a diamond; and in the fourth a club, in order to combat the giants. A festival is still held here in honour of Fire, which has been already described by Sonnerat in the second part of his Voyage to India. _Tirunamala_, _Tirupadi_, _Tiruvalur_, _Cirangam_, and _Cialembron_, are also very beautiful pagodas or Pagan temples, which are not unworthy of a particular description. Some of these occupy a large square, surrounded by four lofty walls. In the middle of each wall stands a very high sharp-pointed tower, ornamented with the figures of various animals, which represent the different symbols of the deity. Under the tower is a gate, through which you enter the forecourt of the pagoda; and as there are commonly four towers on each wall, the most of these pagodas have also four gates. These towers, with their gates, are called _Gòburam_, which signifies both the tower and the gate of the fore-court of the temple. The before-mentioned symbols are in part offensive to decency. They allude to the creation and destruction of all created things, which are effected by the sun, moon, and the earth; and these are represented under the symbols of the three deities _Shiva_, _Parvadi_, and _Lakshmi_. The towers are square, and consist of several stories; some of which are large, but others very narrow. Each story is furnished with windows, and in the upper story a lamp is kept burning during the night. The temple itself stands in the middle of the court, and for the most part is of a conical form. These pagodas or Pagan temples, which in the Samscred language are called _Ksetra_, _Devassa_, or _Devalea_, consist of three divisions. The first forms the main body, or nave; the second, the sanctuary; and the third, the _Shrikoil_, that is, the chapel, in which the _Bimbam_ (statue) or the _Deven_ deity, or the _Punya Murti_, sacred body, is preserved. This chapel is constructed in the middle of the sanctuary, and has only one small window, so that in the inside it is exceedingly dark: a circumstance which not only increases the reverence and respect entertained for the divinity,