Stags, _cerfs_. This is undoubtedly a reference to the caribou, _Cervus tarandus_. Sagard (1636) calls it _Caribou ou asne Sauuages_, caribou or wilde ass.--_Hist. du Canada_, p. 750. La Hontan, 1686, says harts and caribous are killed both in summer and winter after the same manner with the elks (mooses), excepting that the caribous, which are a kind of wild asses, make an easy escape when the snow is hard by virtue of their broad feet (Voyages, p. 59). There are two varieties, the _Cervus tarandus arcticus_ and the _Cervus tarandus sylvestris_. The latter is that here referred to and the larger and finer animal, and is still found in the forests of Canada. Hinds, _biches_, the female of _cerfs_, and does, _dains_, the female of _daim_, the fallow deer. These may refer to the females of the two preceding species, or to additional species as the common red deer, _Cervus Virginianus_, and some other species or variety. La Hontan in the passage cited above speaks of three, the _elk_ which we have shown to be the moose, the well-known _caribou_, and the _hart_, which was undoubtedly the common red deer of this region, _Cervus Virginianus_. I learn from Mr. J. M. LeMoine of Quebec, that the Wapiti, _Elaphus Canadensis_ was found in the valley of the St. Lawrence a hundred and forty years ago, several horns and bones having been dug up in the forest, especially in the Ottawa district. It is now extinct here, but is still found in the neighborhood of Lake Winnipeg and further west. Cartier, in 1535, speaks of _dains_ and _cerfs_, doubtless referring to different species.--_Vide Brief Récit_, D'Avezac ed. p. 31 _verso_. Bears. _ours_. The American black bear, _Ursus Americanus_. The grisly bear. _Ursus ferox_, was found on the Island of Anticosti.--_Vide Hist. du Canada_, par Sagard, 1636, pp. 148, 750. _La Hontan's Voyages_. 1687, p. 66. Porcupines. _porcs-espics_. The Canada porcupine, _Hystrix pilosus_. A nocturnal rodent quadruped, armed with barbed quills, his chief defence when attacked by other animals. Hares, _lapins_. The American hare, _Lepus Americanus_. Foxes, _reynards_. Of the fox. _Canis vulpes_, there are several species in Canada. The most common is of a carroty red color, _Vulpes fulvus_. The American cross fox. _Canis decussatus_, and the black or silver fox. _Canis argentatus_, are varieties that may have been found there at that period, but are now rarely if ever seen. Beavers, _castors_. The American beaver, _Castor Americanus_. The fur of the beaver was of all others the most important in the commerce of New France. Otters, _loutres_. This has reference only to the river otter, _Lutra Canadensis_. The sea otter, _Lutra marina_, is only found in America on the north-west Pacific coast.