WAKEMAN’S HAND-BOOK OF IRISH ANTIQUITIES. [Illustration: Knockmany Chamber (see p. 75).] WAKEMAN’S HANDBOOK OF IRISH ANTIQUITIES THIRD EDITION BY JOHN COOKE, M.A. (DUB.), FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF IRELAND; EDITOR OF ‘MURRAY’S HANDBOOK FOR IRELAND.’ DUBLIN: HODGES, FIGGIS, & CO., LTD. LONDON: JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET. MCMIII. _Printed by_ PONSONBY & GIBBS, _University Press, Dublin_. PREFACE. It was not without hesitation that I undertook, at the request of the proprietors and publishers, the task of revising the previous edition of this work. To enter upon the wide field of Irish archæology I thought no easy task; but it was all the more difficult, to my mind, from a sense of the qualifications required for revising the work of one who was an acknowledged authority on the subject. Every student of Irish archæology is well aware of the extent of the valuable contributions, by pen and pencil, of the late Mr. W. F. Wakeman to our knowledge of that subject, to the study of which he devoted the whole of his long life. That his ‘Handbook’ so quickly grew out of date, and that a revision was thus rendered necessary, is due, partly to the results of the stimulus given to the students of the present generation by the school of archæology to which he belonged; but more especially to the work of British and European archæologists, and the general application of the comparative method of treatment to the whole field of archæological science. I found on entering on the work of revision that the book required much in the way of recension, but still more in the way of addition. While adhering to the general plan and spirit of the book, and retaining as much as possible of Mr. Wakeman’s work, I have made changes in the arrangement which I thought advisable, and enlarged the scope of the book, so that, as far as possible, it might cover the whole of Ireland. The greater portion of the book has, in consequence, been largely re-written and expanded throughout; and the chapters on Burial Customs and Ogam Stones, Stone Forts, Lake-dwellings, Stone and Bronze Ages, Early Christian Art, are practically new. I have tried, as far as the limits of such a work would permit, to bring the book into line with recent research at home and abroad. The chapter on Raths and Stone Forts was written before the publication of Mr. T. J. Westropp’s valuable work on the _Ancient Forts of Ireland_; and it was satisfactory to me to find that in such general conclusions as, in the present stage of our knowledge, it is possible to arrive at, I was substantially in agreement with him.