Grafted trees, on the other hand, are difficult to obtain in large numbers, are expensive, but produce nuts of uniform size and beauty, and the pollination is said to be more sure. The industry is still too young in Oregon for the final word to have been spoken on this point. The future will undoubtedly add much valuable information as larger experience supplants theory with facts. The vital point is to plant good nuts or reliable seedlings from a pure strain. In choosing varieties be governed by your location. If frosts are to be feared get late-blooming varieties, the leading ones established in Oregon being the Mayette and the Franquette. Other varieties will undoubtedly be introduced in the next few years that will withstand frost in regions where walnut planting now seems impractical. Mr. Henry Hewitt's one tree that blooms the fourth of July, at an elevation of 1,000 feet, is evidence of the possibilities in this direction. Air drainage is necessary. The tested varieties in Oregon to date, and the results, are as follows: Mayettes (the famous "Grenoble" of commerce) and Franquettes are first choice for hardiness and for reliable commercial crops, the nuts being of good size, fine flavor and in every way meeting the highest market demands. Praeparturiens bear earlier than other varieties, are very productive and as fine flavored as a hickory nut, but the nuts are small for best commercial prices. The Chaberte is a hardy tree, good for the uplands, and prolific; a delicious nut, small but excellent for confectioners use. The Ford Mammoth, Glady and Bijou are too large to find favor for commercial purposes. [Illustration: _A Fine Japanese Hybrid in Lafayette_] The Parisienne, Meylan and Lanfray are newer varieties that give much promise, but have not been thoroughly tested. H. M. Williamson, Secretary Oregon State Board of Horticulture, in an article says: "The extremely unfavorable weather of the past winter (1908-9) has been one of the best things which could have happened to many heedless persons who planted walnut trees without first taking pains to learn anything about the business. The destruction of many young trees of the Santa Barbara type was a blessing to those who planted them, and the planters deserve no sympathy, for the warnings not to plant trees of that type have been ample for many years past. "The fine condition of suitably located groves of walnut trees of Franquette, Mayette and other French varieties, after a winter which proved the most trying to fruit trees of all kinds which we have known during a long period of years, has given firm confidence to those who are leading in the development of the walnut industry in Oregon. "The varieties which are best adapted to culture in this state are those which produce the finest nuts known to the world." [Illustration: _Walnut Groves, Dundee, Oregon_] SEEDLING WALNUTS