Transcriber’s Note Italic text displayed as: _italic_ Bold text displayed as =bold= Wanted-Leaders! _A Study of Negro Development_ _By_ The Rt. Rev. Theodore DuBose Bratton, D. D. _Bishop of Mississippi_ PRESIDING BISHOP AND COUNCIL Department of Missions and Church Extension 281 Fourth Avenue New York 1922 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE NEGRO IN AFRICA 5 II. THE NEGRO IN LIBERIA 35 III. THE NEGRO IN HAITI 63 IV. THE SLAVE AND THE FREEDMAN IN AMERICA 91 V. THE PERIOD OF WAR AND RECONSTRUCTION 123 VI. THE EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO 143 VII. THE CHRISTIAN DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEGRO 173 VIII. WHAT OF THE FUTURE? 211 APPENDIX 231 BIBLIOGRAPHY 251 WANTED-LEADERS! _A Study of Negro Development_ CHAPTER I THE NEGRO IN AFRICA The Africa of five hundred years ago, when the modern nations first dipped into its wild and troubled life, presented at least as great a variety of racial characteristics as any other continent. Natural barriers; climatic influences; the recurring desert, swamp, and prairie areas;—all tended to segregate the tribes, and to fix widely different physical characteristics. The ancient Empires of the Mediterranean had left the posterity of their mixed families, and the tradition of their mingled religions, on the borders of that great sea. Inevitably these exercised more or less of influence on the backward people to the South of them, tingeing their blood, their characteristics, and their religion, though in a way difficult to define and to a degree which baffles measurement. Where effects have been in the making for many centuries and are remote from the causes, the links between them are not easily traceable. It is only in modern times that Mohammedanism, for example, has pushed its conquests much below the great desert region. In the time of the slave traffic, the Mediterranean influence must have penetrated to only a comparatively short distance up the Nile and down the western coast, while very gradually diffusing itself through the north Sudan area. In general, we may approach the study of the Negro in Africa with little thought of this outside influence, noting it only where marked traces are discovered either from ancient or modern sources.