World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations -- Submarine
In the dispatches on the Battle of Jutland, which a well-known Admiral
tells me were severely edited before publication, there are several
references to enemy submarines, none to our own. The first attempted
attack took place about half an hour after Sir David Beatty had opened
fire, and immediately following the entry of the 5th Battle Squadron
into the fight. The destroyer _Landrail_ sighted a periscope on her port
quarter. With the _Lydiard_ she formed a smoke-screen which “undoubtedly
preserved the battle-cruisers from closer submarine attack.” The light
cruiser _Nottingham_ also reported a submarine to starboard. We are also
informed that “_Fearless_ and the 1st Flotilla were very usefully
employed as a submarine screen during the earlier part of May 31.” The
_Marlborough_, flagship of Vice-Admiral Sir Cecil Burney’s First Battle
Squadron, after having been torpedoed—whether by submarine or other
craft is not mentioned—drove off a U-boat attack while proceeding to
harbour for repairs. “The British Fleet,” adds Sir John Jellicoe,
“remained in the proximity of the battlefield and near the line of
approach to German ports until 11 a.m. on June 1, in spite of the
disadvantages of long distances from fleet bases and the danger incurred
in waters adjacent to enemy coasts from submarines and torpedo craft.”
In the British list of enemy vessels put out of action, one submarine
figures as sunk.
Admiral Beatty justly remarks that the German losses were “eloquent
testimony to the very high standard of gunnery and torpedo efficiency of
His Majesty’s ships.” Of the twenty-one vessels lost or severely
damaged, it would appear as though nine were accounted for by torpedoes,
although this does not necessarily mean that they had not been engaged
by gunfire as well. At Dogger Bank, it may be recollected, a torpedo
finally settled the _Blücher_, which had already been rendered _hors de
combat_ by shell fired from more old-fashioned weapons.
The German High Sea Fleet adopted a prolonged attitude of caution after
Jutland, but the All-Highest thought it well to issue an Imperial Order
calculated to inspire the officers and men of the submarine flotillas.
“The impending decisive battle” mentioned in the following message,
which is dated Main Headquarters, 1st February, 1917, evidently refers
to the ‘unlimited’ phase of U-boat warfare and not to a general action,
as one might imagine at first glance. This highly interesting document
runs:
TO MY NAVY
In the impending decisive battle the task falls on my Navy of
turning the English war method of starvation, with which our most
hated and most obstinate enemy intends to overthrow the German
people, against him and his Allies by combating their sea traffic
with all the means in our power.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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