World War, 1914-1918 -- Naval operations -- Submarine
The sportsmanlike behaviour of the British was entirely unappreciated by
the enemy. They deliberately falsified the accounts which they sent
broadcast throughout the world as part of their propaganda work. For
instance, neutrals were informed that the commander of a British
submarine had blown up the s.s. _Germania_ in Swedish territorial waters
by placing a bomb in her hold. When sighted off the Swedish coast the
vessel was bound for Stettin with a cargo of 2750 tons of concentrated
iron ore. Shots were fired as a signal to her captain to stop, and also
to warn him that he was making straight for a dangerous sandbank. They
were disregarded, with the inevitable result that the _Germania_ ran
ashore. Then, and not till then, the British boat entered Swedish
waters, intent only on saving the crew and helping to salve the vessel.
Not a soul was found on board. After spending an hour in a useless
endeavour to move the steamer, the ship’s papers and some fresh meat
were removed to the submarine. When the British officers and men left
the _Germania_ the engine-room was already partly submerged. On the
water reaching the boilers they quite naturally blew up. No attempt was
made to destroy the vessel.
After the high seas had been swept of much Teutonic baggage, the Baltic
alone remained to the German merchant service as a field for possible
operations with surface vessels. Westward of the Skager-Rack the way was
barred by the British Grand Fleet; eastward, the German High Sea Fleet
felt more or less confident of supremacy, though not positively sure.
The Russian Baltic Fleet, consisting of four pre-Dreadnought
battleships, six armoured cruisers, four protected cruisers, over a
hundred destroyers, twenty or more submarines, and four Dreadnoughts in
the making,[30] was obviously numerically weaker than that of the second
naval Power in the world. It was not in a position to undertake a
vigorous offensive. The strategy adopted, to quote Admiral Kanin, was
that of regarding the Baltic Fleet as “a continuation of the extreme
flank of the Army.” Its task was “as far as possible to support the
movements of the army, protecting it against envelopment by the German
Fleet.” The element of uncertainty, from the enemy’s point of view, was
introduced by England as usual. Had the latter not declared war, Germany
could have swamped the Russian Fleet and landed troops for the invasion
of Russia without fear of molestation from the sea. As it was she had to
keep both eyes open, for on each flank she had maritime enemies. It was
scarcely likely that any of Britain’s battleships would venture to
render assistance, but what of her submarines? The machines in which
Germany placed so much faith were not her secret. They represented no
new departure. Britain might attempt to get a squadron or two through
the narrow passageway. When the devil gets among tailors, complications
are more than likely.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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