Third—For a part of this surplus a _foreign_ market must be found. Even tho’ millions of honest workers whose labor produced this surplus, even tho’ these and millions of their wives and children starve and shiver for the use of this surplus—still part of this surplus must be _shipped out of the country_. For the part of the surplus which the capitalist class do not consume personally and cannot invest profitably—for that part of the surplus a _foreign_ market must be had tho’ millions suffer and sicken for higher WAGES WITH WHICH TO BUY that surplus which is being shipped abroad. Because your _wages_ will not _permit you_ to buy and enjoy even that part of the surplus, a _foreign_ market must be found _and defended_. And now we come to the _bayonet and the Gatling gun_—what they are for. Commit to memory and _discuss with your fellow workers_ the following: Capitalists want soldiers, marines, militia, cossacks, Pinkertons, “coal-and-iron police,” and so forth—chiefly for THREE general purposes: FIRST: TO HOLD DOWN the wage-earners and _force them to consent_ to produce a surplus,—that is, more than their wages will buy;—or, in other words, to _force them to consent_ to produce far more than they are permitted to consume. If the employer can’t get a palavering, lying prostitute to wheedle the workers to consent—well, there’s the bayonet. See that? SECOND: TO OPEN UP FOREIGN MARKETS for that part of the surplus which the workers are not permitted to consume and the capitalists do not consume personally or invest profitably; THIRD: TO DEFEND THE FOREIGN MARKETS for this part of the surplus. Professor. T. N. Carver (Department of Political Economy, Harvard University) states the case perfectly:[21] “WHILE COMPETITION IS ABSENT, COMMERCE IS INDEED A BOND OF PEACE AND GOOD WILL BETWEEN THOSE WHO SELL IN RETURN. BUT THE MOMENT THAT TWO NATIONS EMBARK EXTENSIVELY IN THE SAME LINE OF INDUSTRY, THAT MOMENT COMMERCE BECOMES A SWORD, DIVIDING AND SETTING AT ENMITY THOSE WHO ARE RIVALS FOR THE SAME MARKETS.... THE PROSPERITY OF ONE IS THE OTHER’S DESTRUCTION. SUCH NATIONS STAND TO EACH OTHER AS TWO INDIAN TRIBES WHERE THERE IS BUT GAME ENOUGH FOR ONE.” Thus commerce develops into militarism. A PROTECTIVE TARIFF WALL IS EVIDENCE AND CONFESSION OF THE EXISTENCE OF EMBARRASSING NATIONAL SURPLUSES OF PRODUCTS. The capitalist employer does not wish the wage-earners to get such things into their minds.