Mr. JENNER. But as this exhibit stands, Commission Exhibit No. 460, the text and statements that are made in there had your approval? Mrs. PAINE. Yes; they are, of course, not all of my words. Mr. JENNER. Of course, not. The article was written by? Mrs. PAINE. By George Harris, who is a senior editor on Look magazine, and he wrote it from typed copy he had directly as he had taken it from my telling. Mr. JENNER. So it is, to use somewhat of a vernacular, it is ghost written? Mrs. PAINE. It is ghost written but most of it is my words. Mr. JENNER. I offer in evidence, as Commission Exhibit No. 460, the document we have just identified. Senator COOPER. It will be received in evidence. (The document referred to, heretofore identified as Commission Exhibit No. 460, was received in evidence.) Mr. JENNER. Do you have an interest in the Russian language as has appeared from your testimony? Mrs. PAINE. Yes. Mr. JENNER. Mrs. Paine, are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party? Mrs. PAINE. I am not now and have never been a member of the Communist Party. Mr. JENNER. Do you now or have you ever had any leanings which we might call Communist Party leanings. Mrs. PAINE. No; on the contrary. Mr. JENNER. Are you now or have you ever been a member of any groups which you consciously recognize as being, let us say, Communist front groups? Mrs. PAINE. No; I have not and I would be quite certain I had not been unconsciously a member of any such groups. Mr. JENNER. I take it from your response that you have an aversion to communism? Mrs. PAINE. Yes; I do. Mr. JENNER. And would be at pains and have been at pains during your adult life, at least, to avoid any association with or any advancement of communism as we know and abhor it? Mrs. PAINE. Yes; that is right. If I may say here, I am offended by the portion of the Communist doctrine that thinks violence is necessary to achieve its aims. I am likewise offended by the doctrine that any means to what is considered a good end is legitimate. I, on the contrary, feel that there is no justification at any time for deception, and the Communists, as I have observed their activity, have no reluctance to deceive, and this offends me seriously. Mr. JENNER. In that thinking, violence also impels you against the Communist faith? Mrs. PAINE. It certainly does. Mr. JENNER. Or political doctrine? Mrs. PAINE. Yes; their espousal of violence repels me. Mr. JENNER. You have an interest in the Russian language? Mrs. PAINE. Yes; I do. Mr. JENNER. Now, the members of the Commission, all of them are interested in how you came to have your interest in the Russian language, and they would like to have you indicate when it first arose and under what circumstances and what impelled you to have an interest in the Russian language; start from the very beginning of your life in that connection--that episode in your life?