WARS AND TREATIES 1815 to 1914 DEMOCRACY AND DIPLOMACY (3s. 6d. net) BY ARTHUR PONSONBY “It is the completest statement of the case for the democratic control of foreign affairs which has been published, and contains a mass of facts whose value cannot be exaggerated. We owe Mr. Ponsonby a great debt for this work.”--_Labour Leader._ “... Mr. Ponsonby’s main contention is one which may and should receive the hearty assent of many who disagree with him in detail. He strongly urges the necessity in dealing with foreign affairs of ensuring the co-operation and approval of the great mass of the people. He is manifestly quite right.”--The late LORD CROMER in The _Spectator_. REBELS AND REFORMERS (6s. net) BY ARTHUR & DOROTHEA PONSONBY Savonarola--William the Silent--Tycho Brahe--Cervantes--Giordano Bruno--Grotius--Voltaire--Hans Andersen--Mazzini--W. Lloyd Garrison--Thoreau--Tolstoy “Mr. and Mrs. Ponsonby’s book is intended for children or for those who are too busy to read books in many volumes. But the interest of it lies not in the necessarily short and simple narratives giving the story rather than the ideas, although these are done clearly and with spirit, but in the reflections which lie about those stories and lodge here and there in the reader’s mind. Like all books worth reading this one is the outcome of a mass of judgments and beliefs which may be very briefly expressed in the work itself, but lend it the gift which in the case of human beings we call personality.”--_The Times Literary Supplement._ “The story of these twelve lives is told in these pages--and told with a most enticing simplicity and the happiest taste--in the hope of redressing the balance between men of action and men of thought, and of showing that this type of character and achievement can be made just as interesting to the young as the more conventional hero of the history book.... This book is more especially for the young, but it will be a delight also to grown-up readers.”--_The Nation._ “The biographies are always well simplified and written in a clear and pointed way. They are accompanied by portraits, which add not a little to the work’s attractiveness as a book unusually well fitted to the needs of young readers who are beginning to take an interest in history.”--_The Scotsman._ WARS & TREATIES 1815 to 1914 BY ARTHUR PONSONBY [Illustration] LONDON: GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN LTD. RUSKIN HOUSE 40 MUSEUM STREET, W.C. 1 NEW YORK THE MACMILLAN COMPANY _First published_ _April 1918_ _Reprinted_ _June 1918_ _Third Edition, revised and enlarged_ _January 1919_ (_All rights reserved_) CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION 7 YEAR 1821–1828 GREEK WAR 14 1828–1829 RUSSO-TURKISH WAR 16