terrors, and if the aeroplane can drop an explosive sufficiently near to the submarine it is not improbable that the career of the latter will be terminated instantly. The same fate may await the submarine as the result of the aeroplane signalling its whereabouts, for recent experiments have shown that it is possible for a warship to sink a submarine by gun-fire, even when the latter is several feet under the surface, the victim in this case being the ill-fated A1. Thus, it is not at all improbable that the under-water craft may find the swift aeroplane its greatest and most to be dreaded enemy. The aeroplane will be attacked by other aeroplanes, and aerial navies may yet be seen “grappling in the central blue,” fighting their battles on their own account and so high among the clouds as to be almost out of reach of the guns which might be directed against them. Are these ideas but visions and day dreams? It is impossible to say. Yet they have one and all been enunciated by naval experts and strategists. Whether these are the lines upon which the navy of the not distant future will operate, time alone will show. Events point in their direction. But one thing is assured, and that is that, marvellous as have been the developments in the last twenty-five years, it will indeed be strange if the developments of the next twenty-five years do not surpass them. INDEX Adherence to sail after adoption of steam, 120, 122 Admiralty: Adoption of steam power and iron armour, 146; builds its first steamer, 89; attachment to wooden ships, 256; first iron steamship, 99 Advance towards _Dreadnought_ gun arrangement, 251 Advice boats, 59 Aeroplane _v._ Submarine, 329; and warships, 329 African war canoes, 24 Alexander the Great’s State visit to Neptune, 289 Alexandria, Bombardment of, 214 _et seq._; the defences, 215; British ships’ weight of broadsides, 216; damage caused by British fire, 217-9; Egyptian and British losses, 218 “All-big-gun” one calibre ships (_see_ _Dreadnoughts_) All-round fire, 164 (_see_ _Dreadnoughts_) America: first modern cruisers, 223; frigates, 60, 105, 124; navy, 60, 61; turret-ship’s Atlantic voyage, 188; warships sold to Europe, 189 American Civil War: _Atlanta_ sunk by _Weehawken_, 134; _Albemarle_ (Confederate ram) sunk by improvised torpedo boat, 134; _Tennessee_ (Confederate) designed as ironclad ram, 134; battle with Union fleet, 135; _David_, 136; _Ironsides_ attacked by, 136; improvised gunboats, 137; innovations, 104; “tinclads,” 137 (_see also_ _Alabama_, _Merrimac_, _Monitor_) Ammunition tubes, 174; hoists, 277 Ancient Egyptian warships, 2, 3, 4 Antiquity of naval warfare, 2 Anti-torpedo boat armament: rate of fire, 304 “Anti-war shell,” 268 Arab dhow, 33, 37 Archers on shipboard, 19; fighting tops for, 41, 48