Freeboard, 163; raised by sunk forecastle, 164; high, 252 French and Dutch two-and three-deckers, 57 French Emperor and Ericsson, 109 French rifled breech-loading guns, 275 Frigates, 57, 59, 91, 95 Fulton, Robert, 82, 291 Galleys first with guns, 42 Garrett, 299 (_see_ Submarines) German warships for Turkey, 74 Germany’s modern Navy begun, 194 Gibson’s Report on the Navy (1603), 72 Gokstad ship, 16 Grappling irons, 6 Great ships, 43 Greater space between decks, 55 Greek fire, 11, 39, 289 Greeks as warship builders, 7 Grenville, Sir Richard, 206 Griffiths’ propeller, 125, 147 Gunboats, 241; shallow river, 90; in action, 113 Gun carriages, improvements in, 119, 126 (_see_ Carronades) Gunfire at Tsushima: Japanese effective range, 237; Russians’ shorter range, 238; proportion of Japanese hits over Russian, 238; concentration of rapid fire, 238 Gunfire, modern: range, rapidity and weight, 322, 323; discharge, 281; internal pressure, 281; Sir Andrew Noble’s experiments, 281 Gunports: Too near water, 49 higher, 147, 252 Head-hunters’ war canoes, 26, 31, 34 Henry V., naval progress under, 43 High displacement barbette ships, 248 High freeboard barbette type, 247 Hogging and sagging, 10 Howitzers, 189 _Huascar_: Dimensions, armour and armament, 201; mutiny, 201; duel with British cruisers _Shah_ and _Amethyst_, 201, 202; surrender to Peruvian Government, 202; re-boilered, 203; rams and sinks _Esmeralda_, 205; nearly torpedoes herself, 204 Human heads fired from cannon, 73 Human trophies on war canoes, 25 Hurricane at Samoa: H.M.S. _Calliope’s_ struggle for the open sea; six American and German warships wrecked, 257 Iliad catalogue, 2 Importance of accurate gunfire, 158 Improvised warships, 114 (_see_ American Civil War) Increased range of gunfire, 194 Indian war canoes, 22 Infernals, 58 Internal combustion engines, 304 Iron armour, 83 Ironclad, first ship designed, 81 Ironclad rams in action (_see_ _Tennessee_, _Merrimac_, _Monitor_; _also_ _Terribile_ and _Formidabile_), 153 Ironclads, conversion from wooden ships, 146; first European in action, 152 Iron-framed vessels, 138 Iron shipbuilding advocated, 90 Iron war steamers: H.M.S. _Trident_, first ever built, 99 Italian fleet at Lissa, 152 Japanese: Junks, 37; protected galleys, 37; modern ships: first ironclad frigate, 233; first built by Japan, 234 (_see_ _Tsushima_) Kane, Captain, 257 Keel, steel built, 165 Kinburn, 108; problems created by failure of attack, 108; inauguration of the struggle between guns and armour, 108; French Emperor favours small ironclads, 109 King Alfred’s ships, 17 King Charles’s ships (1633), 55 Laird, J., 90, 91, 99, 306 Last British paddle frigate, 97