Ship construction: Longitudinal, 120; transverse, 120; longitudinal watertight bulkheads, 171; brass stern and rudder post, 182; bracketed frames, 163; sunk forecastle, 163 (_see_ Freeboard) “Ship of the Future,” 193 Ships with banks of oars, 7 Siamese native warships, 38 Soft-ended barbette ships, 244 Spanish-American War, 227 _et seq._: American Pacific fleet, 227; Spanish naval force at Manila, 227; American and Spanish fleets compared, 228; Battle of Manila Bay, 228-9; destruction of Spanish fleet, 229; American Atlantic fleet, 230; Spanish fleet, 230; Admiral Cervera’s complaints, 230; Spanish dash from Santiago; destruction of Spanish fleet, 230-3; Admiral Sampson’s 4th July present to the nation, 231 Spanish Armada, 51 Spur gearing, 98, 101, 103 Sponsons as gun platforms, 97 Speed, 202, 236, 237, 238, 239, 253, 302; rapid firing guns and increased speed, 304; of destroyers, 306; with turbines, 308; objections to high speed, 308; _Invincible_ and _Von der Tann_, 254; former’s speed, how obtained, 255; speed retarded by marine growths, 257; importance of, in armoured cruisers, 260; turbine engines, 262; length, beam, and speed, 263, 264 Stanhope, Lord, 87 Steam rotated circular fort, 86 Steel: adopted by United States of America, 222; protective deck, 146; supplanting iron, 179, 181; gradual adoption in warships, 241; early steel warship, 241; advantages over iron, 243; heavy armoured steel ship, 244; first battleships for British Navy, 244; single-turreted battleships, 246; armour 20 inches thick, 246; Harveyised steel armour introduced in British Navy, 248; _Renown_ 10-inch armour stronger than _Royal Sovereign’s_ 18-inch armour, 248; hulls, wood sheathed, 259; nickel steel armoured deck, 261; chrome, 276 Steering gear: protection, 133, 159; lack of protection, 153; first warship with steam steering gear, 123 Stevens’ floating battery, 83, 84; ironclad ram, 138 Stitched canoes, 30; planks, 21, 28 Stockton, Commodore R. F., 84, 128 Superiority of _Dreadnoughts_ over pre-_Dreadnoughts_, 262 Swivel guns on paddle steamers, 126 Symonds, Captain, 173 Symonds, Sir W., 66